STERILE SODIUM CHLORIDE CONCENTRATE

Posology When a concentration of 3 or 5% are indicated, the solutions should be administered into a large vein, at a rate not exceeding 100ml/hr. g. 4. 8) The concentration and dosage of sodium chloride solutions for intravenous use is determined by several factors including the age, weight and clinical condition of the patient.

9% daily. 9% w/v) solution. An isotonic solution can be prepared by diluting 30 mL sodium chloride 30% w/v concentrate for solution for infusion to 1 litre with a non- electrolyte solution or water for injections. 9% solutions of sodium chloride are widely used for sterile irrigation and dilution purposes.

8). 2.

e. an abnormally high sodium concentration in the blood, causing dehydration of the brain which causes somnolence and confusion progressing to convulsions, respiratory failure, coma and death. Other symptoms may include nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, abdominal cramps, thirst, reduced salivation and lachrymation, sweating, fever, tachycardia, hypertension, hypotension and also possible loss of bicarbonate with an acidifying effect on the body, renal failure, peripheral and pulmonary oedema, respiratory arrest, headache, dizziness, restlessness, irritability, weakness, muscular twitching and rigidity, convulsions, coma, and death.

Also, excessive amounts of sodium may produce without hypernatraemia an increase in the total sodium and water content of the body associated with the expansion of the extra cellular fluid compartment (oedema) which may affect the cerebral, pulmonary or peripheral systems.

Infants may appear not to be severely dehydrated but coma and convulsions may persist due to vascular injury. They may show respiratory distress with tachypnoea and flaring nostrils. Intra-amniotic injection of hypertonic solution of Sodium Chloride can lead to serious adverse effects including disseminated intravascular coagulation, renal necrosis, cervical and uterine lesions, haemorrhage, pulmonary embolism, pneumonia and death.

4) Reporting of suspected adverse reactions Reporting suspected adverse reactions after authorisation of the medicinal product is important. It allows continued monitoring of the benefit/risk balance of the medicinal product. uk/yellowcard or search for MHRA Yellow Card in the Google Play or Apple App Store.

Caution hypertonic solution, dilute before use. High volume infusion must be used under specific monitoring in patients with cardiac or pulmonary failure, and in patients with non-osmotic vasopressin release (including SIADH), due to the risk of hospital-acquired hyponatraemia (see below).

g. 5) are at particular risk of acute hyponatraemia upon infusion of hypotonic fluids. Acute hyponatraemia can lead to acute hyponatraemic encephalopathy (cerebral oedema) characterized by headache, nausea, seizures, lethargy and vomiting.

Patients with cerebral oedema are at particular risk of severe, irreversible and life-threatening brain injury. g. meningitis, intracranial bleeding, cerebral contusion and brain oedema) are at particular risk of the severe and life-threatening brain swelling caused by acute hyponatraemia.

Excessive administration may result in hypokalaemia and should be avoided. Pseudohyponatraemia, a condition where spuriously low concentrations of sodium are found, occurs when a high concentration of solid matter (such as lipids and protein) are present in the plasma.

This condition has been reported in patients with diabetes mellitus. False reading for plasma concentrations may be obtained as sodium is present only in the aqueous phase of plasma. Correct values are obtained by referring the concentration to plasma water, in order to avoid unnecessary, and possibly dangerous, treatment with sodium chloride.

Only use the solution if it is particle free. 9% of the WHO recommended maximum daily intake of 2g sodium for an adult.

1. Caution hypertonic solution, dilute before use.