Ketamine

Preoperative Preparations 1. Ketamine hydrochloride injection has been safely used alone when the stomach was not empty. However, since the need to use supplementary anesthetic or muscle relaxant agents cannot always be predicted, it is preferable not to give anything by mouth for at least six hours before elective surgery.

Ketamine Hydrochloride Injection, USP is recommended for use in patients whose stomach is not empty when in the judgment of the physician the benefits of the drug outweigh the possible hazards. 2. Atropine, scopolamine, or other drying agents should be given at an appropriate interval prior to induction.

3. Certain drugs such as droperidol or diazepam intramuscularly have been used in an attempt to reduce the incidence of emergence reactions: sufficient data have not yet been accumulated to constitute thorough documentation. The incidence of emergence reactions is reduced as experience with the drug is gained.

Ketamine is indicated in children, adolescents and adults. Ketamine is recommended - as an anaesthetic agent in diagnostic and surgical procedures. ) injection, ketamine is best suited for short procedures. With additional doses, or by intravenous infusion, ketamine can be used for longer procedures.

If skeletal muscle relaxation is desired, a muscle relaxant should be used and respiration should be supported. - for the induction of anaesthesia prior to the administration of other general anaesthetic agents - to supplement other anaesthetic agents Specific areas of application or types of procedures: - When the intramuscular route of administration is preferred - Debridement, painful dressings, and skin grafting in burned patients, as well as other superficial surgical procedures - Neurodiagnostic procedures such as pneumoencephalograms, ventriculograms, myelograms, and lumbar punctures - Diagnostic and operative procedures of the eye, ear, nose, and mouth, including dental extractions.