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DOXYCYCLINE is a brand name for Doxycycline. The medicine, its uses, side effects and dosage are the same regardless of brand.
Used for: Doxycycline Tablets are used in the treatment of a variety of infections caused by susceptible strains of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and certain other micro-organisms. 1) Respiratory tract infections: Pneumonia and other lower tract respiratory tract infections due to susceptible strains of Streptococcus…
Verbatim from this product's MHRA label. Tap a section to expand.
Posology Adults and children aged 12 years to less than 18 years The usual dose of Doxycycline Tablets for the treatment of acute infections in adults and children aged 12 years to less than 18 years is 200mg on the first day (administered as a single dose or divided into two equal doses with a twelve hour interval), followed by a maintenance dose of 100mg/day.
In the management of more severe infections (particularly chronic infections of the urinary tract), 200mg daily should be given throughout the treatment period. 4) The use of doxycycline for the treatment of acute infections in children aged 8 years to less than 12 years should be carefully justified in situations where other drugs are not available, are not likely to be effective or are contraindicated.
2 mg/kg (in single or 2 divided doses). 4 mg/kg should be given throughout treatment. For children over 45 kg – Dose administered for adults should be used. Children aged from birth to less than 8 years Doxycycline should not be used in children aged younger than 8 years due to the risk of teeth discolouration.
8) Exceeding the recommended dosage may result in an increased incidence of side effects. Therapy should be continued at least 24-48 hours after symptoms and fever have subsided. When used in streptococcal infections, therapy should be continued for 10 days to prevent the development of rheumatic fever or glomerulonephritis.
Specific infections Acne vulgaris: 50mg daily with food or fluid for 6-12 weeks. Sexually transmitted diseases: 100mg twice daily for 7 days is recommended in the following infections: uncomplicated gonococcal infections (except anorectal infections in men); uncomplicated urethral, endocervical or rectal infection caused by Chlamydia trachomatis; non-gonococcal urethritis caused by Ureaplasma urealyticum.
Acute epididymo-orchitis caused by Chlamydia trachomatis or Neisseria gonorrhoeae: 100mg twice daily for 10 days. Primary and secondary syphilis: 300mg a day for at least 10 days.
Louse-borne and tick-borne relapsing fevers:
A single dose of 100mg or 200mg according to severity. Chloroquine-resistant falciparum malaria: 200mg daily for at least 7 days. Due to the potential severity of the infection, a rapid-acting schizonticide such as quinine should always be given in conjunction with doxycycline; quinine dosage recommendations vary in different areas.
The following adverse reactions have been observed in patients receiving tetracyclines, including doxycycline. System Organ Class Common ≥1/100 to <1/10 Uncommon ≥1/1000 to <1/100 Rare ≥1/10,000 to <1/1000 Not known Cannot be estimated from the available data.
4) peripheral oedema and urticaria) Endocrine disorders Brown-black microscopic discolouration of thyroid glands Metabolism and nutrition disorders Porphyria, decreased appetite Nervous system disorders Headache Anxiety, benign intracranial hypertension (pseudotumor cerebri)a , fontanelle bulging Ear and labyrinth disorders Tinnitus Eye disorders Visual disturbanced System Organ Class Common ≥1/100 to <1/10 Uncommon ≥1/1000 to <1/100 Rare ≥1/10,000 to <1/1000 Not known Cannot be estimated from the available data.
Vascular disorders Flushing Gastrointestinal disorders Nausea/vomiting Dyspepsia (Heartburn/gastritis) Pancreatitis, pseudomembr anous colitis, Clostridium difficile colitis, oesophageal ulcer, oesophagitis, enterocolitis, inflammatory lesions (with monilial overgrowth) in the anogenital region, dysphagia, abdominal pain, diarrhoea, glossitis, stomatitis Tooth discolouratione Hepatobiliary disorders Hepatic failure, hepatitis, hepatotoxicity , jaundice, hepatic function abnormal Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders Photosensitivity reaction, rash including maculopapular and erythematous Toxic epidermal necrolysis, Stevens- Johnson syndrome, rashes erythema multiforme, dermatitis System Organ Class Common ≥1/100 to <1/10 Uncommon ≥1/1000 to <1/100 Rare ≥1/10,000 to <1/1000 Not known Cannot be estimated from the available data.
exfoliative, fixed eruption, photoonychol ysis, skin hyperpigment ationc Musculoskeletal, connective tissue and bone disorders Arthralgia, myalgia Renal and urinary disorders Blood urea increased a In associated with tetracycline, including doxycycline, benign intracranial hypertension has been reported with possible symptoms of headache, vomiting, visual disturbances including blurred vision, scotoma, diplopia or permanent loss of vision.
Paediatric population:
The use of drugs of the tetracycline class during tooth development (last half of pregnancy; infancy and childhood to the age of 8 years) may cause permanent discolouration of the teeth (yellow-grey-brown). This adverse reaction is more common during long-term use of the drugs but has been observed following repeated short-term courses.
Enamel hypoplasia has also been reported. g. Rocky Mountain spotted fever), only when there are no adequate alternative therapies. Although the risk of permanent teeth staining is rare in children aged 8 years to less than 12 years, the use of doxycycline should be carefully justified in situations where other drugs are not available, are not likely to be effective or are contraindicated.
Use in patients with impaired hepatic function:
Doxycycline should be administered with caution to patients with hepatic impairment or those receiving potentially hepatotoxic drugs. Abnormal hepatic function has been reported rarely and has been caused by both the oral and parenteral administration of tetracyclines, including doxycycline.
Use in patients with renal impairment:
Excretion of doxycycline by the kidney is about 40%/72 hours in individuals with normal renal function. This percentage excretion may fall to a range as low as 1-5%/72 hours in individuals with severe renal insufficiency (creatinine clearance below 10ml/min).
Studies have shown no significant difference in the serum half-life of doxycycline in individuals with normal and severely impaired renal function. Haemodialysis does not alter the serum half-life of doxycycline. The anti-anabolic action of the tetracyclines may cause an increase in blood urea.
Studies to date indicate that this anti-anabolic effect does not occur with the use of doxycycline in patients with impaired renal function. 8). If serious skin reactions occur, doxycycline should be discontinued immediately and appropriate therapy should be instituted.
1.
Pregnancy:
Doxycycline Tablets are contraindicated in pregnancy. It appears that the risks associated with the use of tetracyclines during pregnancy are predominantly due to effects on teeth and skeletal development. 4 regarding use during tooth development).
Nursing mothers:
Tetracyclines are excreted into milk and are therefore contraindicated in nursing mothers. 4 regarding use during tooth development).
Not medical advice. Always read the patient information leaflet and follow your prescriber or pharmacist.
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For the prophylaxis of malaria: 100mg daily in adults and children over the age of 12 years. Treatment should commence 1-2 days before travelling to a malarial area and continue daily whilst travelling in malarial areas. On leaving a malarial area the traveller should continue treatment for 4 weeks.
To ensure appropriate chemoprophylaxis and for current information on geographical resistance patterns, the current guidelines or the Malaria Reference Laboratory should be consulted, details of which can be found in the current version of the British National Formulary (BNF).
For the prevention of scrub typhus: 200mg as a single dose. For the prevention of travellers’ diarrhoea: 200mg on the first day of travel (administered as a single dose or as 100mg every 12 hours) followed by 100mg daily throughout the stay in the area.
Data on the use of the drug prophylactically are not available beyond 21 days. For the prevention of leptospirosis: 200mg once each week throughout the stay in the area and 200mg at the completion of the trip. Data on the use of the drug prophylactically are not available beyond 21 days.
Elderly Doxycycline may be prescribed in the usual dose with no special precautions. No dosage adjustment is necessary in the presence of renal impairment. Renal impairment Studies to date have indicated that administration of doxycycline at the usual recommended doses does not lead to excessive accumulation of the antibiotic in patients with renal impairment.
The anti-anabolic action of the tetracyclines may cause an increase in blood urea. Studies to date indicate that this does not occur with the use of doxycycline in patients with impaired renal function. Haemodialysis does not alter the serum half-life of doxycycline.
Method of administration The tablets should be swallowed with plenty of fluid in either the resting or standing position and well before going to bed for the night to reduce the likelihood of oesophageal irritation and ulceration. If gastric irritation occurs, it is recommended that Doxycycline Tablets be given with food or milk.
Studies indicate that the absorption of doxycycline is not notably influenced by simultaneous ingestion of food or milk.
The manifestation of clinical symptoms, including headache or visual disturbances, should suggest a possible diagnosis of intracranial hypertension. If an increase in intracranial pressure is suspected during treatment with tetracyclines, administration should be discontinued.
b in the setting of spirochete infections treated with doxycycline. c with chronic use of doxycycline dAssociated with Benign intracranial hypertension (pseudotumor cerebri). e Reversible and superficial discolouration of permanent teeth has been reported with the use of doxycycline but frequency cannot be estimated from available data.
Reporting of suspected adverse reactions Reporting suspected adverse reactions after authorisation of the medicinal product is important. It allows continued monitoring of the benefit/risk balance of the medicinal product. uk/yellowcard or search for MHRA Yellow Card in the Google Play or Apple App Store.
Photosensitivity:
Photosensitivity manifested by an exaggerated sunburn reaction has been observed in some individuals taking tetracyclines, including doxycycline. Patients likely to be exposed to direct sunlight or ultraviolet light should be advised that this reaction can occur with tetracycline drugs and treatment should be discontinued at the first evidence of skin erythema.
8). Benign intracranial hypertension Bulging fontanelles in infants have been reported in individuals receiving tetracyclines. Benign intracranial hypertension (pseudotumor cerebri) has been associated with the use of tetracyclines including doxycycline.
Benign intracranial hypertension (pseudotumor cerebri) is usually transient, however cases of permanent visual loss secondary to benign intracranial hypertension (pseudotumor cerebri) have been reported with tetracyclines including doxycycline.
If visual disturbance occurs during treatment, prompt ophthalmologic evaluation is warranted. Since intracranial pressure can remain elevated for weeks after drug cessation patients should be monitored until they stabilize. Concomitant use of isotretinoin or other systemic retinoids and doxycycline should be avoided because isotretinoin is also known to cause benign intracranial hypertension (pseudotumor cerebri).
5).
Microbiological overgrowth:
The use of antibiotics may occasionally result in over- growth of non-susceptible organisms, including Candida. If a resistant organism appears, the antibiotic should be discontinued and appropriate therapy instituted. Pseudomembranous colitis has been reported with nearly all antibacterial agents, including doxycycline, and has ranged in severity from mild to life-threatening.
It is important to consider this diagnosis in patients who present with diarrhoea subsequent to the administration of antibacterial agents. Clostridium difficile associated diarrhoea (CDAD) has been reported with use of nearly all antibiotics, including doxycycline, and has ranged in severity from mild diarrhoea to fatal colitis.
Treatment with antibacterial agents alters the normal flora of the colon leading to overgrowth of C. difficile. C. difficile produces toxins A and B, which contribute to development of CDAD. Hypertoxin producing strains of C. difficile cause increased morbidity and mortality, as these infections can be refractory to antimicrobial therapy and may require colectomy.
CDAD should be considered in all patients who present with diarrhoea after antibiotic treatment. Careful medical history is necessary since CDAD has been reported to occur over two months after the administration of antibacterial agents.
Oesophagitis: instances of oesophagitis and oesophageal ulcerations have been reported in patients receiving capsule and tablet forms of drugs in the tetracycline class, including doxycycline. Most of these patients took medications immediately before going to bed or with inadequate amounts of fluid.
Porphyria:
There have been rare reports of porphyria in patients receiving tetracyclines.
Venereal disease:
When treating venereal diseases, where coexistent syphilis is suspected, proper diagnostic procedures, including dark-field examinations, should be utilised. In all such cases monthly serological tests should be made for at least four months.
Beta-haemolytic streptococci infections:
Infections due to Group A beta-haemolytic Streptococci should be treated for at least 10 days.
Myasthenia gravis:
Due to a […]