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AZOCAN is a brand name for Fluconazole. The medicine, its uses, side effects and dosage are the same regardless of brand.
Used for: Fluconazole is indicated for the treatment of the following fungal infections (see section 5.1): Fluconazole is indicated in adults for the treatment of: • Coccidioidomycosis (see section 4.4). • Invasive candidiasis. • Vaginal candidiasis, acute or recurrent; when local therapy is not appropriate. • Candidal…
Verbatim from this product's MHRA label. Tap a section to expand.
Posology The dose of fluconazole should be based on the nature and severity of the fungal infection. Treatment of infections requiring multiple dosing should be continued until clinical parameters or laboratory tests indicate that active fungal infection has subsided.
An inadequate period of treatment may lead to recurrence of active infection. Adults Indications Posology Duration of treatment Cryptococcosis - Treatment of Loading dose: 400 Usually at least 6 to 8 Indications Posology Duration of treatment cryptococcal meningitis.
mg on Day 1 Subsequent dose: 200 mg to 400 mg once daily weeks. In life threatening infections the daily dose can be increased to 800 mg - Maintenance therapy to prevent relapse of cryptococcal meningitis in patients with high risk of recurrence.
200 mg once daily Indefinitely at a daily dose of 200 mg Coccidioidomycosis 200 mg to 400 mg once daily 11 months up to 24 months or longer depending on the patient. 800 mg daily may be considered for some infections and especially for meningeal disease Invasive candidiasis Loading dose: 800 mg on Day 1 Subsequent dose: 400 mg once daily In general, the recommended duration of therapy for candidemia is for 2 weeks after first negative blood culture result and resolution of signs and symptoms attributable to candidemia.
- Oropharyngeal candidiasis Loading dose: 200 mg to 400 mg on Day 1 Subsequent dose: 100 mg to 200 mg once daily 7 to 21 days (until oropharyngeal candidiasis is in remission). Longer periods may be used in patients with severely compromised immune function Treatment of mucosal candidiasis - Oesophageal Loading dose: 200 14 to 30 days (until Indications Posology Duration of treatment candidiasis mg to 400 mg on Day 1 Subsequent dose: 100 mg to 200 mg once daily oesophageal candidiasis is in remission).
Longer periods may be used in patients with severely compromised immune function - Candiduria 200 mg to 400 mg once daily 7 to 21 days. Longer periods may be used in patients with severely compromised immune function. - Chronic atrophic candidiasis 50 mg once daily 14 days - Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis 50 mg to 100 mg once daily Up to 28 days.
Longer periods depending on both the severity of infection or underlying immune compromisation and infection - Oropharyngeal candidiasis 100 mg to 200 mg once daily or 200 mg 3 times per week An indefinite period for patients with chronic immune suppression Prevention of relapse of mucosal candidiasis in patients infected with HIV who are at high risk of experiencing relapse - Oesophageal candidiasis 100 mg to 200 mg once daily or 200 mg 3 times per week An indefinite period for patients with chronic immune suppression - Acute vaginal candidiasis - Candidal balanitis 150 mg Single doseGenital candidiasis - Treatment and 150 mg every third Maintenance dose: 6 Indications Posology Duration of treatment prophylaxis of recurrent vaginal candidiasis (4 or more episodes a year).
8. If treatment for genital candidiasis is imperative in adolescents (from 12 to 17 years old), the posology should be the same as adults posology.
Term newborn infants (0 to 27 days):
Neonates excrete fluconazole slowly. 2). Age group Posology Recommendations Term newborn infants (0 to 14 days) The same mg/kg dose as for infants, toddlers and children should be given every 72 A maximum dose of 12 mg/kg every 72 hours should not be exceeded hours Term newborn infants (from 15 to 27 days) The same mg/kg dose as for infants, toddlers and children should be given every 48 hours A maximum dose of 12 mg/kg every 48 hours should not be exceeded Method of administration Fluconazole may be administered either orally or by intravenous infusion, the route being dependent on the clinical state of the patient.
On transferring from the intravenous to the oral route, or vice versa, there is no need to change the daily dose. The physician should prescribe the most appropriate pharmaceutical form and strength according to age, weight and dose.
The capsule formulation is not adapted for use in infants and small children. Oral liquid formulations of fluconazole are available that are more suitable in this population. The capsules should be swallowed whole and independent of food intake.
3. 1. Co-administration of terfenadine is contraindicated in patients receiving fluconazole at multiple doses of 400 mg per day or higher based upon results of a multiple dose interaction study. 5). 4. Special warnings and precautions for use Hepatobiliary system Fluconazole should be administered with caution to patients with liver dysfunction.
Fluconazole has been associated with rare cases of serious hepatic toxicity including fatalities, primarily in patients with serious underlying medical conditions. In cases of fluconazole-associated hepatotoxicity, no obvious relationship to total daily dose, duration of therapy, sex or age of patient has been observed.
1. Co-administration of terfenadine is contraindicated in patients receiving fluconazole at multiple doses of 400 mg per day or higher based upon results of a multiple dose interaction study. 5). 4. Special warnings and precautions for use Hepatobiliary system Fluconazole should be administered with caution to patients with liver dysfunction.
Fluconazole has been associated with rare cases of serious hepatic toxicity including fatalities, primarily in patients with serious underlying medical conditions. In cases of fluconazole-associated hepatotoxicity, no obvious relationship to total daily dose, duration of therapy, sex or age of patient has been observed.
Fluconazole hepatotoxicity has usually been reversible on discontinuation of therapy. Patients who develop abnormal liver function tests during fluconazole therapy must be monitored closely for the development of more serious hepatic injury.
The patient should be informed of suggestive symptoms of serious hepatic effect (important asthenia, anorexia, persistent nausea, vomiting and jaundice). Treatment of fluconazole should be immediately discontinued and the patient should consult a physician.
Dermatological reactions Patients have rarely developed exfoliative cutaneous reactions, such as Stevens- Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis, during treatment with fluconazole. Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) has been reported.
AIDS patients are more prone to the development of severe cutaneous reactions to medicinal products. If a rash develops in a patient treated for a superficial fungal infection which is considered attributable to fluconazole, further therapy with this medicinal products should be discontinued.
If patients with invasive/systemic fungal infections develop rashes, they should be monitored closely and fluconazole discontinued if bullous lesions or erythema multiforme develop. 5). 3). Cardiovascular system Some azoles, including fluconazole, have been associated with prolongation of the QT interval on the electrocardiogram.
Not medical advice. Always read the patient information leaflet and follow your prescriber or pharmacist.
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day for a total of 3 doses (day 1, 4, and 7) followed by 150 mg once weekly maintenance dose months. - tinea pedis, - tinea corporis, - tinea cruris, - candida infections 150 mg once weekly or 50 mg once daily 2 to 4 weeks, tinea pedis may require treatment for up to 6 weeks 300 mg to 400 mg once weekly 1 to 3 weeks- tinea versicolor 50 mg once daily 2 to 4 weeks Dermatomycosis - tinea unguium (onychomycosis) 150 mg once weekly Treatment should be continued until infected nail is replaced (uninfected nail grows in).
Regrowth of fingernails and toenails normally requires 3 to 6 months and 6 to 12 months, respectively. However, growth rates may vary widely in individuals, and by age. After successful treatment of long- term chronic infections, nails occasionally remain disfigured.
Prophylaxis of candidal infections in patients with prolonged neutropenia 200 mg to 400 mg once daily Treatment should start several days before the anticipated onset of neutropenia and continue for 7 days after recovery from neutropenia after the neutrophil Indications Posology Duration of treatment count rises above 1000 cells per mm3.
Special populations Elderly Dosage should be adjusted based on the renal function (see “Renal impairment”). Renal impairment Fluconazole is predominantly excreted in the urine as unchanged active substance. No adjustments in single dose therapy are necessary.
In patients (including paediatric population) with impaired renal function who will receive multiple doses of fluconazole, an initial dose of 50 mg to 400 mg should be given, based on the recommended daily dose for the indication. After this initial loading dose, the daily dose (according to indication) should be based on the following table: Creatinine clearance (ml/min) Percent of recommended dose > 50 100% ≤ 50 (no haemodialysis) 50% Haemodialysis 100% after each haemodialysis Patients on haemodialysis should receive 100% of the recommended dose after each haemodialysis; on non-dialysis days, patients should receive a reduced dose according to their creatinine clearance.
8). Paediatric population A maximum dose of 400 mg daily should not be exceeded in paediatric population. As with similar infections in adults, the duration of treatment is based on the clinical and mycological response. Fluconazole is administered as a single daily dose.
For paediatric patients with impaired renal function, see dosing in “Renal impairment”. The pharmacokinetics of fluconazole has not been studied in paediatric population with renal insufficiency (for “Term newborn infants” who often exhibit primarily renal immaturity please see below).
Infants, toddlers and children (from 28 days to 11 years old):
Indication Posology Recommendations - Mucosal candidiasis Initial dose: 6 mg/kg Subsequent dose: 3 mg/kg once daily Initial dose may be used on the […]
Fluconazole hepatotoxicity has usually been reversible on discontinuation of therapy. Patients who develop abnormal liver function tests during fluconazole therapy must be monitored closely for the development of more serious hepatic injury.
The patient should be informed of suggestive symptoms of serious hepatic effect (important asthenia, anorexia, persistent nausea, vomiting and jaundice). Treatment of fluconazole should be immediately discontinued and the patient should consult a physician.
Dermatological reactions Patients have rarely developed exfoliative cutaneous reactions, such as Stevens- Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis, during treatment with fluconazole. Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) has been reported.
AIDS patients are more prone to the development of severe cutaneous reactions to medicinal products. If a rash develops in a patient treated for a superficial fungal infection which is considered attributable to fluconazole, further therapy with this medicinal products should be discontinued.
If patients with invasive/systemic fungal infections develop rashes, they should be monitored closely and fluconazole discontinued if bullous lesions or erythema multiforme develop. 5). 3). Cardiovascular system Some azoles, including fluconazole, have been associated with prolongation of the QT interval on the electrocardiogram.
Fluconazole causes QT prolongation via the inhibition of Rectifier Potassium Channel current (Ikr). The QT prolongation caused by other medicinal products (such as amiodarone) may be amplified via the inhibition of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4.
During post- marketing surveillance, there have been very rare cases of QT prolongation and torsades de pointes in patients taking fluconazole. These reports included seriously ill patients with multiple confounding risk factors, such as structural heart disease, electrolyte abnormalities and concomitant treatment that may have been contributory.
Patients with hypokalaemia and advanced cardiac failure are at an increased risk for the occurrence of life threatening ventricular arrhythmias and torsades de pointes. Fluconazole should be administered with caution to patients with potentially proarryhthmic conditions.
5). 2). Adrenal insufficiency Ketoconazole is known to cause adrenal insufficiency, and this could also although rarely seen be applicable to fluconazole. 5 ‘The effect of fluconazole on other medicinal products’. Tinea capitis Fluconazole has been studied for treatment of tinea capitis in children.
It was shown not to be superior to griseofulvin and the overall success rate was less than 20%. Therefore, Fluconazole should not be used for tinea capitis. g. pulmonary and cutaneous […]
Fluconazole causes QT prolongation via the inhibition of Rectifier Potassium Channel current (Ikr). The QT prolongation caused by other medicinal products (such as amiodarone) may be amplified via the inhibition of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4.
During post- marketing surveillance, there have been very rare cases of QT prolongation and torsades de pointes in patients taking fluconazole. These reports included seriously ill patients with multiple confounding risk factors, such as structural heart disease, electrolyte abnormalities and concomitant treatment that may have been contributory.
Patients with hypokalaemia and advanced cardiac failure are at an increased risk for the occurrence of life threatening ventricular arrhythmias and torsades de pointes. Fluconazole should be administered with caution to patients with potentially proarryhthmic conditions.
5). 2). Adrenal insufficiency Ketoconazole is known to cause adrenal insufficiency, and this could also although rarely seen be applicable to fluconazole. 5 ‘The effect of fluconazole on other medicinal products’. Tinea capitis Fluconazole has been studied for treatment of tinea capitis in children.
It was shown not to be superior to griseofulvin and the overall success rate was less than 20%. Therefore, Fluconazole should not be used for tinea capitis. g. pulmonary and cutaneous cryptococcosis) is limited, which prevents dosing recommendations.
Deep endemic mycoses The evidence for efficacy of fluconazole in the treatment of other forms of endemic mycoses such as paracoccidioidomycosis, lymphocutaneous sporotrichosis and histoplasmosis is limited, which prevents specific dosing recommendations.
Halofantrine Halofantrine has been shown to prolong QTc interval at the recommended therapeutic dose and is a substrate of CYP3A4. 5). Cytochrome P450 Fluconazole is a moderate CYP2C9 and CYP3A4 inhibitor. Fluconazole is also a strong inhibitor of CYP2C19.
5). 5). Candidiasis Studies have shown an increasing prevalence of infections with Candida species other than C. albicans. g. C. krusei and C. auris) or show reduced susceptibility to fluconazole (C. glabrata). Such infections may require alternative antifungal therapy secondary to treatment failure.
Therefore, prescribers are advised to take into […]