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REYATAZ is a brand name for Atazanavir. The medicine, its uses, side effects and dosage are the same regardless of brand.
Used for: 1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE REYATAZ ® is indicated in combination with other antiretroviral agents for the treatment of HIV-1 infection in adults and in pediatric patients 3 months and older weighing at least 5 kg. Limitations of Use: • REYATAZ is not recommended for use in pediatric patients below the age of 3 months due…
Verbatim from this product's FDA label. Tap a section to expand.
2 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION • Pretreatment testing: Renal laboratory testing should be performed in all patients prior to initiation of REYATAZ and continued during treatment with REYATAZ. Hepatic testing should be performed in patients with underlying liver disease prior to initiation of REYATAZ and continued during treatment with REYATAZ.
2) • Treatment-naive adults: REYATAZ 300 mg with ritonavir 100 mg once daily with food or REYATAZ 400 mg once daily with food. 3) • Treatment-experienced adults: REYATAZ 300 mg with ritonavir 100 mg once daily with food. 3) • Pediatric patients: REYATAZ capsule dosage is based on body weight not to exceed the adult dose and must be taken with food.
4) • REYATAZ oral powder: Must be taken with ritonavir and food and should not be used in pediatric patients who weigh less than 5 kg. 5) • Pregnancy: REYATAZ 300 mg with ritonavir 100 mg once daily with food, with dosing modifications for some concomitant medications.
7) , and hepatic impairment. 1 Overview • REYATAZ capsules and oral powder must be taken with food. • Do not open the capsules. • The recommended oral dosage of REYATAZ depends on the treatment history of the patient and the use of other coadministered drugs.
6 ) and Drug Interactions (7) ] . • REYATAZ capsules without ritonavir are not recommended for treatment-experienced adult or pediatric patients with prior virologic failure [see Clinical Studies (14) ] . 5) ] . • Efficacy and safety of REYATAZ with ritonavir when ritonavir is administered in doses greater than 100 mg once daily have not been established.
The use of higher ritonavir doses may alter the safety profile of atazanavir (cardiac effects, hyperbilirubinemia) and, therefore, is not recommended. Prescribers should consult the complete prescribing information for ritonavir when using ritonavir.
2 Testing Prior to Initiation and During Treatment with REYATAZ Renal laboratory testing should be performed in all patients prior to initiation of REYATAZ and continued during treatment with REYATAZ. 6) ] . 4) ] . 3 Dosage of REYATAZ in Adult Patients Table 1 displays the recommended dosage of REYATAZ capsules in treatment-naive and treatment-experienced adults.
Table 1 also displays recommended dosage of REYATAZ and ritonavir when given concomitantly with other antiretroviral drugs and H 2 -receptor antagonists (H2RA). Ritonavir is required with several REYATAZ dosage regimens (see the ritonavir complete prescribing information about the safe and effective use of ritonavir).
6) ] Most common adverse reactions (≥2%) are nausea, jaundice/scleral icterus, rash, headache, abdominal pain, vomiting, insomnia, peripheral neurologic symptoms, dizziness, myalgia, diarrhea, depression, and fever. gov/medwatch. 1 Clinical Trial Experience Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice.
Adverse Reactions in Treatment-Naive Adult Participants The safety profile of REYATAZ in treatment-naive adults is based on 1625 participants with HIV-1 in clinical trials. 536 participants received REYATAZ 300 mg with ritonavir 100 mg and 1089 participants received REYATAZ 400 mg or higher (without ritonavir).
The most common adverse reactions were nausea, jaundice/scleral icterus, and rash. Selected clinical adverse reactions of moderate or severe intensity reported in ≥ 2% of treatment-naive participants receiving combination therapy including REYATAZ 300 mg with ritonavir 100 mg and REYATAZ 400 mg (without ritonavir) are presented in Tables 7 and 8, respectively.
Table 7:
Selected Adverse Reactions a of Moderate or Severe Intensity Reported in ≥2% of Adult Treatment-Naive Participants with HIV-1, b Study AI424-138 * None reported in this treatment arm. a Includes events of possible, probable, certain, or unknown relationship to treatment regimen.
b Based on the regimen containing REYATAZ. c Median time on therapy. d Administered as a fixed-dose. e As a fixed-dose product: 300 mg tenofovir DF, 200 mg emtricitabine once daily. 96 weeks c REYATAZ 300 mg with ritonavir 100 mg (once daily) and tenofovir DF/emtricitabine d (n=441) 96 weeks c lopinavir/ritonavir d 400 mg / 100 mg (twice daily) and tenofovir DF/emtricitabine e (n=437) Digestive System Nausea 4% 8% Jaundice/scleral icterus 5% * Diarrhea 2% 12% Skin and Appendages Rash 3% 2% Table 8: Selected Adverse Reactions a of Moderate or Severe Intensity Reported in ≥2% of Adult Treatment-Naive Participants with HIV-1, b Studies AI424-034, AI424-007, and AI424-008 * None reported in this treatment arm.
5 WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS • Cardiac conduction abnormalities: PR interval prolongation may occur in some patients. ECG monitoring should be considered in patients with preexisting conduction system disease or when administered with other drugs that may prolong the PR interval.
2 , 17) • Severe Skin Reactions: Discontinue if severe rash develops. 2 , 17) • Hyperbilirubinemia: Most patients experience asymptomatic increases in indirect bilirubin, which is reversible upon discontinuation. Do not dose reduce. If a concomitant transaminase increase occurs, evaluate for alternative etiologies.
8) • Phenylketonuria: REYATAZ oral powder contains phenylalanine which can be harmful to patients with phenylketonuria. 3) • Hepatotoxicity: Patients with hepatitis B or C virus are at risk of increased transaminases or hepatic decompensation.
Monitor hepatic laboratory tests prior to therapy and during treatment. 8) • Chronic kidney disease has been reported during postmarketing surveillance in patients with HIV-1 treated with atazanavir, with or without ritonavir. Consider alternatives in patients at high risk for renal disease or with preexisting renal disease.
Monitor renal laboratory tests prior to therapy and during treatment. Consider discontinuation of REYATAZ in patients with progressive renal disease. 5) • Nephrolithiasis and cholelithiasis have been reported. Consider temporary interruption or discontinuation.
6) • The concomitant use of REYATAZ with ritonavir and certain other medications may result in known or potentially significant drug interactions. Consult the full prescribing information prior to and during treatment for potential drug interactions.
10) , and redistribution/accumulation of body fat. 11) • Hemophilia: Spontaneous bleeding may occur, and additional factor VIII may be required. 1 Cardiac Conduction Abnormalities REYATAZ has been shown to prolong the PR interval of the electrocardiogram in some study participants.
2) ] . • when coadministered with drugs that are highly dependent on CYP3A or UGT1A1 for clearance, and for which elevated plasma concentrations of the interacting drugs are associated with serious and/or life-threatening events (see Table 6).
• when coadministered with drugs that are strong inducers of CYP3A due to the potential for loss of therapeutic effect and development of resistance. Coadministration is contraindicated with, but not limited to, the following drugs listed in Table 6: Table 6: Drugs Contraindicated with REYATAZ (Information in the table applies to REYATAZ with or without ritonavir, unless otherwise indicated) a See Drug Interactions, Table 16 (7) for parenterally administered midazolam.
b See Drug Interactions, Table 16 (7) for sildenafil when dosed as VIAGRA ® for erectile dysfunction. Drug Class Drugs within class that are contraindicated with REYATAZ Alpha 1-adrenoreceptor antagonist Alfuzosin Anticonvulsants Carbamazepine, phenobarbital, phenytoin Antiarrhythmics Amiodarone (with ritonavir), quinidine (with ritonavir) Antimycobacterials Rifampin Antineoplastics Apalutamide, encorafenib, irinotecan, ivosidenib Antipsychotics Lurasidone (with ritonavir), pimozide Benzodiazepines Orally administered midazolam a , triazolam Ergot Derivatives Dihydroergotamine, ergonovine, ergotamine, methylergonovine GI Motility Agent Cisapride Hepatitis C Direct-Acting Antivirals Elbasvir/grazoprevir; glecaprevir/pibrentasvir Herbal Products St.
John’s wort ( Hypericum perforatum ) Lipid-Modifying Agents:
Lomitapide, lovastatin, simvastatin Phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE-5) Inhibitor Sildenafil b when dosed as REVATIO ® for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension Protease Inhibitors Indinavir Non-nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors Nevirapine • In patients with previously demonstrated hypersensitivity (eg, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, erythema multiforme, or toxic skin eruptions) to any of the components of REYATAZ.
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The use of REYATAZ in treatment-experienced adult patients without ritonavir is not recommended.
Table 1:
Recommended REYATAZ and Ritonavir Dosage in Adults a,b a See Drug Interactions (7) for instructions concerning coadministration of acid-reducing medications (eg, H2RA or proton pump inhibitors [PPIs]), and other antiretroviral drugs (eg, efavirenz, tenofovir DF, and didanosine).
b For adult patients who cannot swallow the capsules, REYATAZ oral powder is taken once daily with food at the same recommended adult dosage as the capsules along with ritonavir. 4 Dosage of REYATAZ Capsules in Pediatric Patients The recommended daily dosage of REYATAZ capsules and ritonavir in pediatric patients (6 years of age to less than 18 years of age) is based on body weight (see Table 2).
Table 2:
Recommended Dosage of REYATAZ Capsules and Ritonavir in Pediatric Patients (6 to less than 18 years of age) a,b a Administer REYATAZ capsules and ritonavir simultaneously with food. b The same recommendations regarding the timing and maximum doses of concomitant PPIs and H2RAs in adults also apply to pediatric patients.
See Drug Interactions (7) for instructions concerning coadministration of acid-reducing medications (eg, H2RA or PPIs), and other antiretroviral drugs (eg, efavirenz, tenofovir DF, and didanosine). c In treatment-experienced patients, REYATAZ capsules must be administered with ritonavir.
Body weight REYATAZ Daily Dosage Ritonavir Daily Dosage Treatment-Naive and Treatment-Experienced c Less than 15 kg Capsules not recommended N/A At least 15 kg to less than 35 kg 200 mg 100 mg At least 35 kg 300 mg 100 mg Treatment-Naive, at least 13 years old and cannot tolerate ritonavir At least 40 kg 400 mg N/A When transitioning between formulations, a change in dose may be needed.
Consult the dosing table for the specific formulation. 5 Dosage and Administration of REYATAZ Oral Powder in Pediatric Patients REYATAZ oral powder is for use in treatment-naive or treatment-experienced pediatric patients who are at least 3 months of age and weighing at least 5 kg.
REYATAZ oral powder must be mixed with food or a beverage for administration and ritonavir must be given immediately afterwards. Table 3 displays the recommended dosage of REYATAZ oral powder and ritonavir.
Table 3:
Recommended Dosage of REYATAZ Oral Powder and Ritonavir in Pediatric Patients (at least 3 months of age and weighing at least 5 kg) a,b a The same recommendations regarding the timing and maximum doses of concomitant PPIs and H2RAs in adults also apply to pediatric patients.
See Drug Interactions (7) for instructions concerning coadministration of acid-reducing medications (eg, H2RA or PPIs), and other antiretroviral drugs (eg, efavirenz, tenofovir DF, and didanosine). b For pediatric patients at least 25 kg who cannot swallow REYATAZ capsules, 300 mg (6 packets) REYATAZ oral powder is taken once daily with food along with 100 mg ritonavir.
c Only patients weighing 5 to less than 10 kg who do not tolerate the 200 mg (4 packets) dose of REYATAZ oral powder and have not previously taken an HIV protease inhibitor, may take 150 mg (3 packets) REYATAZ oral powder with close HIV viral load monitoring.
d Each packet contains 50 mg of REYATAZ. Body Weight Daily Dosage of REYATAZ Oral Powder Daily Dosage of Ritonavir Oral Solution 5 kg to less than 15 kg 200 mg (4 packets) c,d 80 mg 15 kg to less than 25 kg 250 mg (5 packets) d 80 mg When transitioning between formulations, a change in dose may be needed.
Consult the dosing table for the specific formulation. Instructions for Mixing REYATAZ Oral Powder [see FDA-approved Instructions for Use] • Determine the number of packets (3, 4, 5 or 6 packets) that are needed. • Prior to mixing, tap the packet to settle the powder.
• It is preferable to mix REYATAZ oral powder with food such as applesauce or yogurt. Mixing REYATAZ oral powder with a beverage (milk, infant formula, or water) may be used for infants who can drink from a cup. For young infants (less than 6 months) who cannot eat solid food or drink from a cup, REYATAZ oral powder should be mixed with infant formula and given using an oral dosing syringe.
Administration of REYATAZ and infant formula using an infant bottle is not recommended because full dose may not be delivered. • Use a clean pair of scissors to cut each packet along the dotted line. • Mixing with food: Using a spoon, mix the recommended number of REYATAZ oral powder packets with a minimum of one tablespoon of food (such as applesauce or yogurt).
Feed the mixture to the infant or young child. Add an additional one tablespoon of food to the small container, mix, and feed the child the residual mixture. • Mixing with a beverage such as milk or water in a small drinking cup: Using a spoon, mix the recommended number of REYATAZ oral powder packets with a minimum of 30 mL of the beverage.
Have the child drink the mixture. Add an additional 15 mL more of beverage to the drinking cup, mix, and have the child drink the residual mixture. If water is used, food should also be taken at the same time. • Mixing with liquid infant formula using an oral dosing syringe and a small medicine cup: Using a spoon, mix the recommended number of REYATAZ oral powder packets with 10 mL of prepared liquid infant formula.
Draw up the full amount of the mixture into an oral syringe and administer into either right or left inner cheek of infant. Pour another 10 mL of formula into the medicine cup to rinse off remaining REYATAZ oral powder in cup. Draw up residual mixture into the syringe and administer into either right or left inner cheek of infant.
• Administer ritonavir immediately following REYATAZ powder administration. • Administer the entire dosage of REYATAZ oral powder (mixed in the food or beverage) within one hour of preparation [may leave the mixture at a temperature of 68°F to 86°F (20°C to 30°C) for up to one hour].
Ensure that the patient eats or drinks all the food or beverage that contains the powder. Additional food may be given after consumption of the entire mixture. 6 Dosage Adjustments in Pregnant Patients Table 4 includes the recommended dosage of REYATAZ capsules and ritonavir in treatment-naive and treatment-experienced pregnant patients.
In these patients, REYATAZ must be administered with ritonavir. 1) ] .
Table 4:
Recommended Dosage of REYATAZ and Ritonavir in Pregnant Patients a a See Drug Interactions (7) for instructions concerning coadministration of acid-reducing medications (eg, H2RA or PPIs), and other antiretroviral drugs (eg, efavirenz, tenofovir DF, and didanosine).
b REYATAZ is not recommended for treatment-experienced pregnant patients during the second and third trimester taking REYATAZ with BOTH tenofovir DF and H2RA. 7 Dosage in Patients with Renal Impairment For patients with renal impairment, including those with severe renal impairment who are not managed with hemodialysis, no dose adjustment is required for REYATAZ.
Treatment-naive patients with end-stage renal disease managed with hemodialysis should receive REYATAZ 300 mg with ritonavir 100 mg. 7) ] . 8 Dosage Adjustments in Patients with Hepatic Impairment Table 5 displays the recommended REYATAZ dosage in treatment-naive patients with hepatic impairment.
The use of REYATAZ in patients with severe hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh Class C) is not recommended. The coadministration of REYATAZ with ritonavir in patients with any degree of hepatic impairment is not recommended.
Table 5:
Recommended Dosage of REYATAZ Capsules in Treatment-Naive Adults with Hepatic Impairment REYATAZ Once Daily Dosage Mild hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh Class A) 400 mg Moderate hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh Class B) 300 mg Severe hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh Class C) REYATAZ with or without ritonavir is not recommended
a Includes events of possible, probable, certain, or unknown relationship to treatment regimen. b Based on regimens containing REYATAZ. c Median time on therapy. d Includes long-term follow-up. e As a fixed-dose product: 150 mg lamivudine/300 mg zidovudine twice daily.
Study AI424-034 Studies AI424-007, -008 64 weeks c REYATAZ 400 mg (once daily) with lamivudine/ zidovudine e (n=404) 64 weeks c efavirenz 600 mg (once daily) with lamivudine/ zidovudine e (n=401) 120 weeks c,d REYATAZ 400 mg (once daily) with stavudine and lamivudine or didanosine (n=279) 73 weeks c,d nelfinavir 750 mg TID or 1250 mg BID with stavudine and lamivudine or didanosine (n=191) Body as a Whole Headache 6% 6% 1% 2% Digestive System Nausea 14% 12% 6% 4% Jaundice/scleral icterus 7% * 7% * Vomiting 4% 7% 3% 3% Abdominal pain 4% 4% 4% 2% Diarrhea 1% 2% 3% 16% Nervous System Insomnia 3% 3% <1% * Dizziness 2% 7% <1% * Peripheral neurologic symptoms <1% 1% 4% 3% Skin and Appendages Rash 7% 10% 5% 1% Adverse Reactions in Treatment-Experienced Adult Participants The safety profile of REYATAZ in treatment-experienced adults with HIV-1 is based on 119 participants with HIV-1 in clinical trials.
The most common adverse reactions are jaundice/scleral icterus and myalgia. Selected clinical adverse reactions of moderate or severe intensity reported in ≥2% of treatment-experienced participants receiving REYATAZ with ritonavir are presented in Table 9.
Table 9:
Selected Adverse Reactions a of Moderate or Severe Intensity Reported in ≥2% of Adult Treatment-Experienced Participants with HIV-1, b Study AI424-045 * None reported in this treatment arm. a Includes events of possible, probable, certain, or unknown relationship to treatment regimen.
b Based on the regimen containing REYATAZ. c Median time on therapy. d As a fixed-dose product. 48 weeks c REYATAZ with ritonavir 300/100 mg (once daily) and tenofovir DF and NRTI (n=119) 48 weeks c lopinavir/ritonavir 400/100 mg (twice daily d ) and tenofovir DF and NRTI (n=118) Body as a Whole Fever 2% * Digestive System Jaundice/scleral icterus 9% * Diarrhea 3% 11% Nausea 3% 2% Nervous System Depression 2% <1% Musculoskeletal System Myalgia 4% * Laboratory Abnormalities in Treatment-Naive Participants The percentages of adult treatment-naive participants with HIV-1 treated with combination therapy, including REYATAZ 300 mg with ritonavir 100 mg or REYATAZ 400 mg (without ritonavir) with Grade 3–4 laboratory abnormalities, are presented in Tables 10 and 11, respectively.
Table 10:
Grade 3–4 Laboratory Abnormalities Reported in ≥2% of Adult Treatment-Naive Participants with HIV-1, a Study AI424-138 a Based on the regimen containing REYATAZ. b Median time on therapy. c Administered as a fixed-dose product. d As a fixed-dose product: 300 mg tenofovir DF, 200 mg emtricitabine once daily.
e ULN=upper limit of normal. 1 × ULN 8% 7% Total Cholesterol ≥240 mg/dL 11% 25% Hematology Low Neutrophils <750 cells/mm 3 5% 2% Table 11: Grade 3–4 Laboratory Abnormalities Reported in ≥2% of Adult Treatment-Naive Participants with HIV-1, a Studies AI424-034, AI424-007, and AI424-008 * None reported in this treatment arm.
a Based on regimen(s) containing REYATAZ. b Median time on therapy. c Includes long-term follow-up. d ULN = upper limit of normal. e As a fixed-dose product: 150 mg lamivudine, 300 mg zidovudine twice daily. 0 g/dL 5% 3% <1% 4% Neutrophils <750 cells/mm 3 7% 9% 3% 7% Change in Lipids from Baseline in Treatment-Naive Participants with HIV-1 For Study AI424-138 and Study AI424-034, changes from baseline in LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, total cholesterol, and triglycerides are shown in Tables 12 and 13, respectively.
Table 12:
Lipid Values, Mean Change from Baseline, Study AI424-138 a REYATAZ 300 mg with ritonavir 100 mg once daily with the fixed-dose product: 300 mg tenofovir DF/ 200 mg emtricitabine once daily. b Values obtained after initiation of serum lipid-reducing agents were not included in these analyses.
At baseline, serum lipid-reducing agents were used in 1% in the lopinavir/ritonavir treatment arm and 1% in the REYATAZ with ritonavir arm. Through Week 48, serum lipid-reducing agents were used in 8% in the lopinavir/ritonavir treatment arm and 2% in the REYATAZ with ritonavir arm.
Through Week 96, serum lipid-reducing agents were used in 10% in the lopinavir/ritonavir treatment arm and 3% in the REYATAZ with ritonavir arm. c Lopinavir/ritonavir (400 mg/100 mg) twice daily with the fixed-dose product 300 mg tenofovir DF/200 mg emtricitabine once daily.
d The change from baseline is the mean of within-participant changes from baseline for participants with both baseline and Week 48 or Week 96 values and is not a simple difference of the baseline and Week 48 or Week 96 mean values, respectively.
e Number of participants with LDL-cholesterol measured. f Fasting. REYATAZ with ritonavir a,b lopinavir/ritonavir b,c Baseline Week 48 Week 96 Baseline Week 48 Week 96 mg/dL mg/dL Change d mg/dL Change d mg/dL mg/dL Change d mg/dL Change d (n=428 e ) (n=372 e ) (n=372 e ) (n=342 e ) (n=342 e ) (n=424 e ) (n=335 e ) (n=335 e ) (n=291 e ) (n=291 e ) LDL-Cholesterol f 92 105 +14% 105 +14% 93 111 +19% 110 +17% HDL-Cholesterol f 37 46 +29% 44 +21% 36 48 +37% 46 +29% Total Cholesterol f 149 169 +13% 169 +13% 150 187 +25% 186 +25% Triglycerides f 126 145 +15% 140 +13% 129 194 +52% 184 +50% Table 13: Lipid Values, Mean Change from Baseline, Study AI424-034 a REYATAZ 400 mg once daily with the fixed-dose product: 150 mg lamivudine, 300 mg zidovudine twice daily.
b Values obtained after initiation of serum lipid-reducing agents were not included in these analyses. At baseline, serum lipid-reducing agents were used in 0% in the efavirenz treatment arm and <1% in the REYATAZ arm. Through Week 48, serum lipid-reducing agents were used in 3% in the efavirenz treatment arm and 1% in the REYATAZ arm.
c Efavirenz 600 mg once daily with the fixed-dose product: 150 mg lamivudine/300 mg zidovudine twice daily. d The change from baseline is the mean of within-participant changes from baseline for participants with both baseline and Week 48 values and is not a simple difference of the baseline and Week 48 mean values.
e Number of participants with LDL-cholesterol measured. f Fasting. REYATAZ a,b efavirenz b,c Baseline mg/dL (n=383 e ) Week 48 mg/dL (n=283 e ) Week 48 Change d (n=272 e ) Baseline mg/dL (n=378 e ) Week 48 mg/dL (n=264 e ) Week 48 Change d (n=253 e ) LDL-Cholesterol f 98 98 +1% 98 114 +18% HDL-Cholesterol 39 43 +13% 38 46 +24% Total Cholesterol 164 168 +2% 162 195 +21% Triglycerides f 138 124 −9% 129 168 +23% Laboratory Abnormalities in Treatment-Experienced Participants with HIV-1 The percentages of adult treatment-experienced participants with HIV-1 treated with combination therapy, including REYATAZ with ritonavir having Grade 3–4 laboratory abnormalities, are presented in Table 14.
Table 14:
Grade 3–4 Laboratory Abnormalities Reported in ≥2% of Adult Treatment-Experienced Participants with HIV-1, Study AI424-045 a a Based on regimen(s) containing REYATAZ. b Median time on therapy. c ULN = upper limit of normal. d As a fixed-dose product.
1 × ULN 8% 8% Total Cholesterol ≥240 mg/dL 25% 26% Triglycerides ≥751 mg/dL 8% 12% Glucose ≥251 mg/dL 5% <1% Hematology Low Platelets <50,000 cells/mm 3 2% 3% Neutrophils <750 cells/mm 3 7% 8% Change in Lipids from Baseline in Treatment-Experienced Participants with HIV-1 For Study AI424-045, changes from baseline in LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, total cholesterol, and triglycerides are shown in Table 15.
The observed magnitude of dyslipidemia was less with REYATAZ with ritonavir than with lopinavir/ritonavir. However, the clinical impact of such findings has not been demonstrated.
Table 15:
Lipid Values, Mean Change from Baseline, Study AI424-045 a REYATAZ 300 mg once daily with ritonavir and tenofovir DF, and 1 NRTI. b Values obtained after initiation of serum lipid-reducing agents were not included in these analyses.
At baseline, serum lipid-reducing agents were used in 4% in the lopinavir/ritonavir treatment arm and 4% in the REYATAZ with ritonavir arm. Through Week 48, serum lipid-reducing agents were used in 19% in the lopinavir/ritonavir treatment arm and 8% in the REYATAZ with ritonavir arm.
c Lopinavir/ritonavir (400/100 mg), as a fixed dose regimen, BID with tenofovir DF and 1 NRTI. d The change from baseline is the mean of within-participant changes from baseline for participants with both baseline and Week 48 values and is not a simple difference of the baseline and Week 48 mean values.
e Number of participants with LDL-cholesterol measured. f Fasting. REYATAZ with ritonavir a,b Lopinavir/ritonavir b,c Baseline mg/dL (n=111 e ) Week 48 mg/dL (n=75 e ) Week 48 Change d (n=74 e ) Baseline mg/dL (n=108 e ) Week 48 mg/dL (n=76 e ) Week 48 Change d (n=73 e ) LDL-Cholesterol f 108 98 −10% 104 103 +1% HDL-Cholesterol 40 39 −7% 39 41 +2% Total Cholesterol 188 170 −8% 181 187 +6% Triglycerides f 215 161 −4% 196 224 +30% Adverse Reactions in Pediatric Participants with HIV-1: REYATAZ Capsules The safety and tolerability of REYATAZ Capsules with and without ritonavir have been established in pediatric participants with HIV-1, at least 6 years of age from the open-label, multicenter clinical trial PACTG 1020A.
The safety profile of REYATAZ in pediatric participants with HIV-1 (6 to less than 18 years of age) taking the capsule formulation was generally similar to that observed in clinical studies of REYATAZ in adults. The most common Grade 2–4 adverse events (≥5%, regardless of causality) reported in pediatric participants were cough (21%), fever (18%), jaundice/scleral icterus (15%), rash (14%), vomiting (12%), diarrhea (9%), headache (8%), peripheral edema (7%), extremity pain (6%), nasal congestion (6%), oropharyngeal pain (6%), wheezing (6%), and rhinorrhea (6%).
Asymptomatic second-degree atrioventricular block was reported in <2% of participants. 2 mg/dL, 58%), neutropenia (9%), and hypoglycemia (4%). All other Grade 3–4 laboratory abnormalities occurred with a frequency of less than 3%.
Adverse Reactions in Pediatric Participants with HIV-1:
REYATAZ Oral Powder The data described below reflect exposure to REYATAZ oral powder in 155 participants weighing at least 5 kg to less than 35 kg, including 134 participants exposed for 48 weeks. These data are from two pooled, open-label, multi-center clinical trials in treatment-naive and treatment-experienced pediatric participants with HIV-1 (AI424-397 [PRINCE I] and AI424-451 [PRINCE II]).
Age ranged from 3 months to 10 years of age. In these studies, 51% were female and 49% were male. All participants received ritonavir and 2 nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs). The safety profile of REYATAZ in pediatric participants taking REYATAZ oral powder was generally similar to that observed in clinical studies of REYATAZ in pediatric participants taking REYATAZ capsules.
6 times ULN, 16%), and increased lipase (8%). All other Grade 3–4 laboratory abnormalities occurred with a frequency of less than 3%. Adverse Reactions in Participants with HIV-1 and Hepatitis B and/or Hepatitis C Virus In Study AI424-138, 60 participants administered REYATAZ 300 mg with ritonavir 100 mg once daily, and 51 participants treated with lopinavir/ritonavir 400 mg/100 mg (as fixed-dose product) twice daily, each with fixed-dose tenofovir DF/emtricitabine, were seropositive for hepatitis B and/or C at study entry.
ALT levels >5 times ULN developed in 10% (6/60) of the participants administered REYATAZ with ritonavir and 8% (4/50) of the participants treated with lopinavir/ritonavir. AST levels >5 times ULN developed in 10% (6/60) of the participants administered REYATAZ with ritonavir and none (0/50) of the participants treated with lopinavir/ritonavir.
In Study AI424-045, 20 participants administered REYATAZ 300 mg with ritonavir 100 mg once daily, and 18 participants treated with lopinavir/ritonavir 400 mg/100 mg twice daily (as fixed-dose product), were seropositive for hepatitis B and/or C at study entry.
ALT levels >5 times ULN developed in 25% (5/20) of the participants administered REYATAZ with ritonavir and 6% (1/18) of the participants treated with lopinavir/ritonavir treated. AST levels >5 times ULN developed in 10% (2/20) of the participants administered REYATAZ with ritonavir and 6% (1/18) of the participants treated with lopinavir/ritonavir.
In Studies AI424-008 and AI424-034, 74 participants treated with REYATAZ 400 mg once daily, 58 who received efavirenz, and 12 who received nelfinavir were seropositive for hepatitis B and/or C at study entry. ALT levels >5 times ULN developed in 15% of the participants treated with REYATAZ, 14% of the participants treated with efavirenz, and 17% of the participants treated with nelfinavir.
AST levels >5 times ULN developed in 9% of the participants treated with REYATAZ, 5% of the participants treated with efavirenz, and 17% of the participants treated with nelfinavir. 8) ] . 2 Postmarketing Experience The following events have been identified during postmarketing use of REYATAZ.
Because these reactions are reported voluntarily from a population of unknown size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish a causal relationship to drug exposure. 2) ] , pruritus, angioedema
In healthy participants and in participants with HIV-1 treated with atazanavir, abnormalities in atrioventricular (AV) conduction were asymptomatic and generally limited to first-degree AV block. 2) and Overdosage (10) ] . 0% of efavirenz-treated participants (n=329).
In Study AI424-045, asymptomatic first-degree AV block was observed in 5% (6/118) of atazanavir with ritonavir-treated participants and 5% (6/116) of lopinavir/ritonavir-treated participants who had on-study electrocardiogram measurements.
2) ] . 2 Severe Skin Reactions In controlled clinical trials, rash (all grades, regardless of causality) occurred in approximately 20% of participants with HIV-1 treated with REYATAZ. 4 weeks. Rashes were generally mild-to-moderate maculopapular skin eruptions.
1) ] . Dosing with REYATAZ was often continued without interruption in patients who developed rash. The discontinuation rate for rash in clinical trials was <1%. 1) ] . REYATAZ should be discontinued if severe rash develops. 3 Patients with Phenylketonuria Phenylalanine can be harmful to patients with phenylketonuria (PKU).
REYATAZ oral powder contains phenylalanine (a component of aspartame). Each packet of REYATAZ oral powder contains 35 mg of phenylalanine. REYATAZ capsules do not contain phenylalanine. 4 Hepatotoxicity Patients with underlying hepatitis B or C virus or marked elevations in transaminases before treatment may be at increased risk for developing further transaminase elevations or hepatic decompensation.
8) ] . 5 Chronic Kidney Disease Chronic kidney disease in patients with HIV-1 treated with atazanavir, with or without ritonavir, has been reported during postmarketing surveillance. Reports included biopsy-proven cases of granulomatous interstitial nephritis associated with the deposition of atazanavir drug crystals in the renal parenchyma.
Consider alternatives to REYATAZ in patients at high risk for renal disease or with preexisting renal disease. Renal laboratory testing (including serum creatinine, estimated creatinine clearance, and urinalysis with microscopic examination) should be conducted in all patients prior to initiating therapy with REYATAZ and continued during treatment with REYATAZ.
Expert consultation is advised for patients who have confirmed renal laboratory abnormalities while taking REYATAZ. 2) ] . 6 Nephrolithiasis and Cholelithiasis Cases of nephrolithiasis and/or cholelithiasis have been reported during postmarketing surveillance in patients with HIV-1 receiving REYATAZ therapy.
Some patients required hospitalization for additional management, and some had complications. Because these events were reported voluntarily during clinical practice, estimates of frequency cannot be made. 2) ] . 7 Risk of Serious Adverse Reactions Due to Drug Interactions Initiation of REYATAZ with ritonavir, a CYP3A inhibitor, in patients receiving medications metabolized by CYP3A or initiation of medications metabolized by CYP3A in patients already receiving REYATAZ with ritonavir, may increase plasma concentrations of medications metabolized by CYP3A.
Initiation of medications that inhibit or induce CYP3A may increase or decrease concentrations of REYATAZ with ritonavir, respectively. These interactions may lead to: • clinically significant adverse reactions potentially leading to severe, life-threatening, or fatal events from greater exposures of concomitant medications.
• clinically significant adverse reactions from greater exposures of REYATAZ with ritonavir. • loss of therapeutic effect (virologic response) of REYATAZ with ritonavir and possible development of resistance. See Table 16 for steps to prevent or manage these possible and known significant drug interactions, including dosing recommendations [see Drug Interactions (7) ] .
Consider the potential for drug interactions prior to and during therapy containing REYATAZ with ritonavir; and monitor for the adverse reactions associated with concomitant medications [see Contraindications (4) and Drug Interactions (7) ] .
8 Hyperbilirubinemia Most patients taking REYATAZ experience asymptomatic elevations in indirect (unconjugated) bilirubin related to inhibition of UDP-glucuronosyl transferase (UGT). This hyperbilirubinemia is reversible upon discontinuation of REYATAZ.
Hepatic transaminase elevations that occur with hyperbilirubinemia should be evaluated for alternative etiologies. No long-term safety data are available for patients experiencing persistent elevations in total bilirubin >5 times the upper limit of normal (ULN).
Alternative antiretroviral therapy to REYATAZ may be considered if jaundice or scleral icterus associated with bilirubin elevations presents cosmetic concerns for patients. 1) ] . 9 Diabetes Mellitus/Hyperglycemia New-onset diabetes mellitus, exacerbation of preexisting diabetes mellitus, and hyperglycemia have been reported during postmarketing surveillance in patients with HIV-1 receiving protease inhibitor therapy.
Some patients required either initiation or dose adjustments of insulin or oral hypoglycemic agents for treatment of these events. In some cases, diabetic ketoacidosis has occurred. In those patients who discontinued protease inhibitor therapy, hyperglycemia persisted in some cases.
2) ] . 10 Immune Reconstitution Syndrome Immune reconstitution syndrome has been reported in patients treated with combination antiretroviral therapy, including REYATAZ. During the initial phase of combination antiretroviral treatment, patients whose immune system responds may develop an inflammatory response to indolent or residual opportunistic infections (such as Mycobacterium avium , cytomegalovirus, Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia, or tuberculosis), which may necessitate further evaluation and treatment.
Autoimmune disorders (such as Graves’ disease, polymyositis, Guillain-Barré syndrome, and autoimmune hepatitis) have also been reported to occur in the setting of immune reconstitution; however, the time to onset is more variable, and can occur many months after initiation of treatment.
11 Fat Redistribution Redistribution/accumulation of body fat including central obesity, dorsocervical fat enlargement (buffalo hump), peripheral wasting, facial wasting, breast enlargement, and “cushingoid appearance” have been observed in patients receiving antiretroviral therapy.
The mechanism and long-term consequences of these events are currently unknown. A causal relationship has not been established. 12 Hemophilia There have been reports of increased bleeding, including spontaneous skin hematomas and hemarthrosis, in patients with hemophilia type A and B treated with protease inhibitors.
In some patients, additional factor VIII was given. In more than half of the reported cases, treatment with protease inhibitors was continued or reintroduced. A causal relationship between protease inhibitor therapy and these events has not been established.
13 Resistance/Cross-Resistance Various degrees of cross-resistance among protease inhibitors have been observed. 4) ] .
(4) • Coadministration with drugs that are strong inducers of CYP3A, due to the potential for loss of therapeutic effect and development of resistance. ( 4 ) • Coadministration with drugs that are highly dependent on CYP3A or UGT1A1 for clearance, and for which elevated plasma concentrations of the interacting drugs are associated with serious and/or life-threatening events.
( 4 )