ZEGLUXEN

6 mg liraglutide daily. 2 mg. 8 mg to further improve glycaemic control. 8 mg are not recommended. 4). Combination therapy with sulfonylurea is only valid for adult patients. Self-monitoring of blood glucose is not needed in order to adjust the dose of liraglutide .

Blood glucose self-monitoring is necessary to adjust the dose of sulfonylurea and insulin, particularly when liraglutide therapy is started and insulin is reduced. A stepwise approach to insulin dose reduction is recommended. 2). Renal impairment No dose adjustment is required for patients with mild, moderate or severe renal impairment.

2). Hepatic impairment No dose adjustment is recommended for patients with mild or moderate hepatic impairment. 2). Paediatric population No dose adjustment is required for adolescents and children aged 10 years and above. 2). Method of administration Liraglutide must not be administered intravenously or intramuscularly.

Liraglutide is administered once daily at any time, independent of meals, and can be injected subcutaneously in the abdomen, in the thigh or in the upper arm. The injection site and timing can be changed without dose adjustment. However, it is preferable that liraglutide is injected around the same time of the day, when the most convenient time of the day has been chosen.

8). 6.

Summary of the safety profile In five large long-term clinical phase 3a trials over 2,500 adult patients have received treatment with liraglutide alone or in combination with metformin, a sulfonylurea (with or without metformin) or metformin plus rosiglitazone.

The most frequently reported adverse reactions during clinical trials were gastrointestinal disorders: nausea and diarrhoea were very common, whereas vomiting, constipation, abdominal pain, and dyspepsia were common. At the beginning of the therapy, these gastrointestinal adverse reactions may occur more frequently.

These reactions usually diminish within a few days or weeks on continued treatment. Headache and nasopharyngitis were also common. Furthermore, hypoglycaemia was common, and very common when liraglutide is used in combination with a sulfonylurea.

Severe hypoglycaemia has primarily been observed when combined with a sulfonylurea. Tabulated list of adverse reactions Table 1 lists adverse reactions reported in long-term phase 3a controlled trials, the LEADER trial (a long-term cardiovascular outcome trial) and spontaneous (post-marketing) reports.

Frequencies for all events have been calculated based on their incidence in phase 3a clinical trials.

Frequencies are defined as:

Very common (≥1/10); common (≥1/100 to <1/10); uncommon (≥1/1,000 to <1/100); rare (≥1/10,000 to <1/1,000); very rare (<1/10,000); not known (cannot be estimated from the available data). Within each frequency grouping, adverse reactions are presented in order of decreasing seriousness.

Table 1 Adverse reactions from long-term controlled phase 3a trials, the long-term cardiovascular outcome trial (LEADER) and spontaneous (post-marketing) reports MedDRA system organ classes Very common Common Uncommon Rare Very rare Not known Infections and infestations Nasopharyngitis Bronchitis Immune system disorders Anaphyla ctic reactions Metabolism and nutrition disorders Hypoglycaemia Anorexia Appetite decreased Dehydration Nervous system disorders Headache Dizziness Dysgeusia Cardiac disorders Increased heart rate Gastrointestinal disorders Nausea Diarrhoe a Vomiting Dyspepsia Abdominal pain, upper Constipation Gastritis Flatulence Abdominal distension Gastroesophageal reflux disease Abdominal discomfort Toothache Delayed gastric emptying Intestinal obstructi on Pancreati tis (includin g necrotisi ng pancreati tis) Hepatobiliary disorders Cholelithiasi s Cholecystiti s Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders Rash Urticaria Pruritus Cutaneous amyloidosis Renal and urinary disorders Renal impairment Renal failure, acute General disorders and administration site conditions Fatigue Injection site reactions Malaise Investigations Increased lipase* Increased amylase* * From controlled phase 3b and 4 clinical trials only where they were measured.

Liraglutide should not be used in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus or for the treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis. Liraglutide is not a substitute for insulin. 2). There is no therapeutic experience in patients with congestive heart failure New York Heart Association (NYHA) class IV, and liraglutide is therefore not recommended for use in these patients.

There is limited experience in patients with inflammatory bowel disease and diabetic gastroparesis. Use of liraglutide is not recommended in these patients since it is associated with transient gastrointestinal adverse reactions, including nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea.

Acute pancreatitis Liraglutide has not been studied in patients with a history of pancreatitis, and should be used with caution in these patients. Acute pancreatitis has been reported in patients treated with GLP-1 receptor agonists.

This includes post-marketing reports of necrotising pancreatitis and reports with a fatal outcome. Patients should be informed of the symptoms of acute pancreatitis, including persistent, severe abdominal pain. Patients should be advised to seek immediate medical attention if they occur.

If pancreatitis is suspected, liraglutide should be discontinued; if the diagnosis of pancreatitis is confirmed, liraglutide should not be restarted. 1). Thyroid disease Thyroid adverse events, such as goitre, have been reported in particular in patients with pre-existing thyroid disease.

Liraglutide should therefore be used with caution in patients with thyroid disease. 8). The risk of hypoglycaemia can be lowered by a reduction in the dose of sulfonylurea or insulin. Aspiration in association with general anaesthesia or deep sedation Cases of pulmonary aspiration have been reported in patients receiving GLP-1 receptor agonists undergoing general anaesthesia or deep sedation.

8) should be considered prior to performing procedures with general anaesthesia or deep sedation. Dehydration Signs and symptoms of dehydration, including renal impairment and acute renal failure, have been reported in patients treated with liraglutide.

1.