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RALTEGRAVIR is a brand name for Raltegravir. The medicine, its uses, side effects and dosage are the same regardless of brand.
Used for: Raltegravir is indicated in combination with other anti-retroviral medicinal products for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) infection (see sections 4.2, 4.4, 5.1 and 5.2).
Verbatim from this product's MHRA label. Tap a section to expand.
Therapy should be initiated by a physician experienced in the management of HIV infection. 1). Adults The recommended dosage is 400 mg (one tablet) twice daily. Paediatric population The recommended dosage for paediatric patients of at least 25 kg body weight is 400 mg (one tablet) twice daily.
If unable to swallow a tablet, consider the chewable tablet.
Additional formulations and strengths available:
Raltegravir is also available in a chewable tablet formulation and in granules for oral suspension formulation Refer to the chewable tablet and granules for oral suspension SmPCs for additional dosing information. The safety and efficacy of raltegravir in preterm (<37 weeks of gestation) and low birth weight (<2,000 g) newborns have not been established.
No data are available in this population and no dosing recommendations can be made. The maximum dose of the chewable tablet is 300 mg twice daily. 2). The chewable tablets and the granules for oral suspension have not been studied in HIV-infected adolescents (12 to 18 years) or adults.
Raltegravir is also available for adults and paediatric patients (weighing at least 40 kg), as a 600 mg tablet to be administered as 1,200 mg once daily (two 600 mg tablets) for treatment-naïve patients or patients who are virologically suppressed on an initial regimen of Raltegravir 400 mg twice daily.
The 400 mg tablet should not be used to administer the 1,200 mg once daily regimen. Refer to the 600 mg Summary of Product Characteristics for additional dosing information. 2). Therefore, Raltegravir should be used with caution in this population.
2). Hepatic impairment No dosage adjustment is required for patients with mild to moderate hepatic impairment. The safety and efficacy of raltegravir have not been established in patients with severe underlying liver disorders. 2). Method of administration Oral use.
Raltegravir 400 mg tablets can be administered with or without food. The tablets should not be chewed, crushed or split due to anticipated changes in the pharmacokinetic profile.
Summary of the safety profile In randomised clinical trials raltegravir 400 mg twice daily was administered in combination with fixed or optimised background treatment regimens to treatment-naïve (N=547) and treatment- experienced (N=462) adults for up to 96 weeks.
A further 531 treatment-naïve adults have received raltegravir 1,200 mg once daily with emtricitabine and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate for up to 96 weeks. 1. The most frequently reported adverse reactions during treatment were headache, nausea and abdominal pain.
The most frequently reported serious adverse reaction was immune reconstitution syndrome and rash. The rates of discontinuation of raltegravir due to adverse reactions were 5% or less in clinical trials. Rhabdomyolysis was an uncommonly reported serious adverse reaction in post-marketing use of raltegravir 400 mg twice daily.
Tabulated summary of adverse reactions Adverse reactions considered by investigators to be causally related to raltegravir (alone or in combination with other ART), as well as adverse reactions established in post-marketing experience, are listed below by System Organ Class.
Frequencies are defined as common (≥ 1/100 to < 1/10), uncommon (≥ 1/1,000 to < 1/100), and not known (cannot be estimated from the available data). System Organ Class Frequency Adverse reactions Raltegravir (alone or in combination with other ART) Infections and infestations Uncommon genital herpes, folliculitis, gastroenteritis, herpes simplex, herpes virus infection, herpes zoster, influenza, lymph node abscess, molluscum contagiosum, nasopharyngitis, upper respiratory tract infection Neoplasms benign, malignant and unspecified (including cysts and polyps) Uncommon skin papilloma Blood and lymphatic system disorders Uncommon anaemia, iron deficiency anaemia, lymph node pain, lymphadenopathy, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia Immune system disorders Uncommon immune reconstitution syndrome, drug hypersensitivity, hypersensitivity Common decreased appetiteMetabolism and nutrition disorders Uncommon cachexia, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidaemia, hypercholesterolaemia, hyperglycaemia, hyperlipidaemia, hyperphagia, increased appetite, polydipsia, body fat disorder Common abnormal dreams, insomnia, nightmare, abnormal behaviour, depression Psychiatric disorders Uncommon mental disorder, suicide attempt, anxiety, confusional state, depressed mood, major depression, middle insomnia, mood altered, panic attack, sleep disorder, suicidal ideation, suicidal behaviour (particularly in patients with a pre-existing history of psychiatric illness) Common dizziness, headache, psychomotor hyperactivity Nervous system disorders Uncommon amnesia, carpal tunnel syndrome, cognitive disorder, disturbance in attention, dizziness postural, dysgeusia, hypersomnia, hypoaesthesia, lethargy, memory impairment, migraine, neuropathy peripheral, paraesthesia, somnolence, tension headache, tremor, poor quality sleep Eye disorders Uncommon visual impairment Common vertigoEar and labyrinth disorders Uncommon tinnitus Cardiac disorders Uncommon palpitations, sinus bradycardia, ventricular extrasystoles Vascular disorders Uncommon hot flush, hypertension Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders Uncommon dysphonia, epistaxis, nasal congestion Common abdominal distention, abdominal pain, diarrhoea, flatulence, nausea, vomiting, dyspepsia Gastrointestinal disorders Uncommon gastritis, abdominal discomfort, abdominal pain upper, abdominal tenderness, anorectal discomfort, constipation, dry mouth, epigastric discomfort, erosive duodenitis, eructation, gastroesophageal reflux disease, gingivitis, glossitis, odynophagia, pancreatitis acute, peptic ulcer, rectal haemorrhage Hepato-biliary disorders Uncommon hepatitis, hepatic steatosis, hepatitis alcoholic, hepatic failure Common rashSkin and subcutaneous tissue disorders Uncommon acne, alopecia, dermatitis acneiforme, dry skin, erythema, facial wasting, hyperhidrosis, lipoatrophy, lipodystrophy acquired, lipohypertrophy, night sweats, prurigo, pruritus, pruritus generalised, rash macular, rash maculo-papular, rash pruritic, skin lesion, urticaria, xeroderma, Stevens Johnson syndrome, drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders Uncommon arthralgia, arthritis, back pain, flank pain, musculoskeletal pain, myalgia, neck pain, osteopenia, pain in extremity, tendonitis, rhabdomyolysis Renal and urinary disorders Uncommon renal failure, nephritis, nephrolithiasis, nocturia, renal cyst, renal impairment, tubulointerstitial nephritis Reproductive system and breast disorders Uncommon erectile dysfunction, gynaecomastia, menopausal symptoms Common asthenia, fatigue, pyrexiaGeneral disorders and administration site conditions Uncommon chest discomfort, chills, face oedema, fat tissue increased, feeling jittery, malaise, submandibular mass, oedema peripheral, pain Common alanine aminotransferase increased, atypical lymphocytes, aspartate aminotransferase increased, blood triglycerides increased, lipase increased, blood pancreatic amylase increased Investigations Uncommon absolute neutrophil count decreased, alkaline phosphatase increased, blood albumin decreased, blood amylase increased, blood bilirubin increased, blood cholesterol increased, blood creatinine increased, blood glucose increased, blood urea nitrogen increased, creatine phosphokinase increased, fasting blood glucose increased, glucose urine present, high density lipoprotein increased, international normalised ratio increased, low density lipoprotein increased, platelet count decreased, red blood cells urine positive, waist circumference increased, weight increased, white blood cell count decreased Injury, poisoning and procedural complications Uncommon accidental overdose Description of selected adverse reactions Cancers were reported in treatment-experienced and treatment-naïve patients who initiated raltegravir in conjunction with other […]
General Patients should be advised that current anti-retroviral therapy does not cure HIV and has not been proven to prevent the transmission of HIV to others through blood contact. Raltegravir has a relatively low genetic barrier to resistance.
1). In treatment-naïve patients, the clinical study data on use of raltegravir are limited to use in combination with two nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) (emtricitabine and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate). Depression Depression, including suicidal ideation and behaviours, has been reported, particularly in patients with a pre-existing history of depression or psychiatric illness.
Caution should be used in patients with a pre-existing history of depression or psychiatric illness. Hepatic impairment The safety and efficacy of raltegravir have not been established in patients with severe underlying liver disorders.
2). Patients with pre-existing liver dysfunction including chronic hepatitis have an increased frequency of liver function abnormalities during combination anti-retroviral therapy and should be monitored according to standard practice.
If there is evidence of worsening liver disease in such patients, interruption or discontinuation of treatment should be considered. Patients with chronic hepatitis B or C and treated with combination anti- retroviral therapy are at an increased risk for severe and potentially fatal hepatic adverse reactions.
Osteonecrosis Although the aetiology is considered to be multifactorial (including corticosteroid use, alcohol consumption, severe immunosuppression, higher body mass index), cases of osteonecrosis have been reported particularly in patients with advanced HIV disease and/or long-term exposure to combination anti-retroviral therapy.
Patients should be advised to seek medical advice if they experience joint aches and pain, joint stiffness or difficulty in movement. Immune reactivation syndrome In HIV-infected patients with severe immune deficiency at the time of institution of combination antiretroviral therapy (CART), an inflammatory reaction to asymptomatic or residual opportunistic pathogens may arise and cause serious clinical conditions, or aggravation of symptoms.
1.
Not medical advice. Always read the patient information leaflet and follow your prescriber or pharmacist.
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Typically, such reactions have been observed within the first weeks or months of initiation of CART. Relevant examples are cytomegalovirus retinitis, generalised and/or focal mycobacterial infections and pneumonia caused by Pneumocystis jiroveci (formerly known as Pneumocystis carinii).
Any inflammatory symptoms should be evaluated and treatment instituted when necessary. Autoimmune disorders (such as Graves’ disease and autoimmune hepatitis) have also been reported to occur in the setting of immune reactivation: however, the reported time to onset is more variable and these events can occur many months after initiation of treatment.
Antacids Co-administration of raltegravir with aluminium and magnesium antacids resulted in reduced raltegravir plasma levels. 5). , rifampicin). Rifampicin reduces plasma levels of raltegravir; the impact on the efficacy of raltegravir is unknown.
However, if co-administration with rifampicin is unavoidable, a doubling of the dose of raltegravir can be considered in adults. 5). Myopathy and rhabdomyolysis Myopathy and rhabdomyolysis have been reported. 8). Severe skin and hypersensitivity reactions Severe, potentially life-threatening, and fatal skin reactions have been reported in patients taking raltegravir, in most cases concomitantly with other medicinal products associated with these reactions.
These include cases of Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis. Hypersensitivity reactions have also been reported and were characterised by rash, constitutional findings, and sometimes, organ dysfunction, including hepatic failure.
Discontinue raltegravir and other suspect agents immediately if signs or symptoms of severe skin reactions or hypersensitivity reactions develop (including, but not limited to, severe rash or rash accompanied by fever, general malaise, fatigue, muscle or joint aches, blisters, oral lesions, conjunctivitis, facial oedema, hepatitis, eosinophilia, angioedema).
Clinical status including liver aminotransferases should be monitored and appropriate therapy initiated. Delay in stopping raltegravir treatment or other suspect agents after the onset of severe rash may result in a life-threatening reaction.
8). Lactose This medicinal product contains lactose. Patients with rare hereditary problems of galactose intolerance, total lactase deficiency or glucose-galactose malabsorption should not take this medicine. Sodium This medicinal product contains less than 1 mmol sodium (23 mg) per tablet, that is to say essentially ‘sodium-free’.