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PROCHLORPERAZINE is a brand name for Prochlorperazine. The medicine, its uses, side effects and dosage are the same regardless of brand.
Used for: Vertigo due to Meniere's Syndrome, labyrinthis and other causes, and for nausea and vomiting from whatever cause including that associated with migraine. It may also be used for schizophrenia (particularly in the chronic stage), acute mania and as an adjunct to the short-term management of anxiety.
Verbatim from this product's MHRA label. Tap a section to expand.
d. s. Treatment of nausea and vomiting 20 mg stat, followed if necessary by 10 mg two hours later. s. increasing if necessary to a total of 30 mg daily. After several weeks dosage may be reduced gradually to 5-10 mg daily. Adjunct in the short term management of anxiety 15-20 mg daily in divided doses initially but this may be increased if necessary to a maximum of 40 mg daily in divided doses.
Schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders Usual effective daily oral dosage is in the order of 75-100 mg daily. Patients vary widely in response. 5 mg at 4 to 7 days interval until a satisfactory response is obtained. After some weeks at the effective dosage, an attempt should be made to reduce this dosage.
Total daily amounts as small as 50 mg or even 25 mg have sometimes been found to be effective. 4).
Method of administration:
Oral administration The tablets should be swallowed whole with a small glass of water.
Generally, adverse reactions occur at a low frequency; the most common reported adverse reactions are nervous system disorders.
Adverse effects:
Immune System Disorders: - Anaphylactic reactions - Type I hypersensitivity reactions such as angioedema and urticaria. Blood and lymphatic system disorders: - A mild leukopenia occurs in up to 30% of patients on prolonged high dosage.
4). Endocrine disorder: - Hyperprolactinaemia which may result in galactorrhoea, gynaecomastia, amenorrhoea and impotence. Nervous system disorders: - Acute dystonia or dyskinesias, including oculogyric crisis, usually transitory are commoner in children and young adults, and usually occur within the first 4 days of treatment or after dosage increases.
- Akathisia characteristically occurs after large initial doses. - Parkinsonism is more common in adults and the elderly. It usually develops after weeks or months of treatment. One or more of the following may be seen: tremor, rigidity, akinesia or other features of Parkinsonism.
Commonly just tremor. - Tardive dyskinesia: If this occurs it is usually, but not necessarily, after prolonged or high dosage. It can even occur after treatment has been stopped. Dosage should therefore be kept low whenever possible. - Insomnia and agitation may occur.
- Convulsions. Eye disorders: - Ocular changes and the development of metallic greyish-mauve coloration of exposed skin have been noted in some individuals mainly females, who have received chlorpromazine continuously for long periods (four to eight years).
This could possibly happen with Prochlorperazine. Cardiac disorders: - ECG changes include QT prolongation (as with other neuroleptics), ST depression, U-Wave and T-Wave changes. - Cardiac arrhythmias, including ventricular arrhythmias and atrial arrhythmias, A-V block, ventricular tachycardia, which may result in ventricular fibrillation or cardiac arrest have been reported during neuroleptic phenothiazine therapy, possibly related to dosage.
Prochlorperazine should be avoided in patients with: - liver or renal dysfunction - Parkinson's disease - hypothyroidism - cardiac failure - phaeochromocytoma - myasthenia gravis - prostate hypertrophy. - a history of narrow angle glaucoma or agranulocytosis Monitoring advice Close monitoring is required in patients with epilepsy or a history of seizures, as phenothiazines may lower the seizure threshold.
As agranulocytosis has been reported, regular monitoring of the complete blood count is recommended. 8) and requires immediate haematological investigation. Venous Thromboembolism Cases of venous thromboembolism (VTE) have been reported with antipsychotic drugs.
Since patients treated with antipsychotics often present with acquired risk factors for VTE, all possible risk factors for VTE should be identified before and during treatment with Prochlorperazine and preventive measures undertaken.
Hyperglycaemia Hyperglycaemia or intolerance to glucose has been reported in patients treated with antipsychotic phenothiazines. 8). Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome It is imperative that treatment be discontinued in the event of unexplained fever, as this may be a sign of neuroleptic malignant syndrome (pallor, hyperthermia, autonomic dysfunction, altered consciousness, muscle rigidity).
Signs of autonomic dysfunction, such as sweating and arterial instability, may precede the onset of hyperthermia and serve as early warning signs. Although neuroleptic malignant syndrome may be idiosyncratic in origin, dehydration and organic brain disease are predisposing factors.
Withdrawal Acute withdrawal symptoms, including nausea, vomiting and insomnia, have very rarely been reported following the abrupt cessation of high doses of neuroleptics. Relapse may also occur, and the emergence of extrapyramidal reactions has been reported.
Therefore, gradual withdrawal is advisable. 5). QT prolongation Neuroleptic phenothiazines may potentiate QT interval prolongation which increases the risk of onset of serious ventricular arrhythmias of the torsade de pointes type, which is potentially fatal (sudden death).
25 mg/kg bodyweight two or three a day. Prochlorperazine is not recommended for children weighing less than 10 Kg or below 1 year of age
Not medical advice. Always read the patient information leaflet and follow your prescriber or pharmacist.
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Pre-existing cardiac disease, old age, hypokalaemia and concurrent tricyclic antidepressants may predispose. 4), as well as cases of unexplained sudden death, in patients receiving neuroleptic phenothiazines. Vascular disorders: - Hypotension, usually postural, commonly occurs.
Elderly or volume depleted subjects are particularly susceptible; it is more likely to occur after intramuscular injection. - Cases of venous thromboembolism, including cases of pulmonary embolism and cases of deep vein thrombosis have been reported with antipsychotic drugs- Frequency unknown.
Gastrointestinal disorders: - Dry mouth may occur. Metabolism and nutrition disorders: - Hyponatraemia - Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH). Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders: - Respiratory depression is possible in susceptible patients.
- Nasal stuffiness may occur. Hepatobiliary disorders: - Jaundice, usually transient, occurs in a very small percentage of patients taking neuroleptics. A premonitory sign may be sudden onset of fever after one to three weeks of treatment followed by the development of jaundice.
Neuroleptic jaundice has the biochemical and other characteristics of obstructive jaundice and is associated with obstruction of the canaliculi by bile thrombi; the frequent presence of an accompanying eosinophilia indicates the allergic nature of this phenomenon.
4). 4). - Skin rashes of various kinds may also be seen in patients treated with the drug. - Patients on high dosage should be warned that they may develop photosensitivity in sunny weather and should avoid exposure to direct sunlight.
4). 6) - Frequency Not known Reporting of suspected adverse reactions Reporting suspected adverse reactions after authorisation of the medicinal product is important. It allows continued monitoring of the benefit/risk balance of the medicinal product.
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e. drug induced) QT prolongation. The risk-benefit should be fully assessed before Prochlorperazine treatment is commenced. g. g. 8). Stroke In randomised clinical trials versus placebo performed in a population of elderly patients with dementia and treated with certain atypical antipsychotic drugs, a 3-fold increase of the risk of cerebrovascular events has been observed.
The mechanism of such risk increase is not known. An increase in the risk with other antipsychotic drugs or other populations of patients cannot be excluded. Prochlorperazine should be used with caution in patients with stroke risk factors.
Psychiatric disorder As with all antipsychotic drugs, Prochlorperazine should not be used alone where depression is predominant. However, it may be combined with antidepressant therapy to treat those conditions in which depression and psychosis co-exist.
In schizophrenia, the response to neuroleptic treatment may be delayed. If treatment is withdrawn, the recurrence of symptoms may not become apparent for some time. Photosensitivity Because of the risk of photosensitisation, patients should be advised to avoid exposure to direct sunlight.
8). Elderly It should be used with caution in the elderly, particularly during very hot or very cold weather (risk of hyper-, hypothermia). The elderly are particularly susceptible to postural hypotension. Prochlorperazine should be used cautiously in the elderly owing to their susceptibility to drugs acting on the central nervous system and a lower initial dosage is recommended.
There is an increased risk of drug-induced Parkinsonism in the elderly particularly after prolonged use. g. orthostatic hypotension, with the effects due to the underlying disorder. Increased Mortality in Elderly people with Dementia Data from two large observational studies showed that elderly people with dementia who are treated with antipsychotics are at a small increased risk of death compared with those who are not treated.
There are insufficient data to give a firm estimate of the precise magnitude of the risk and the cause of the increased risk is not known. Prochlorperazine is not licensed for the treatment of dementia-related behavioural disturbances.
5 mg/kg. It should therefore be used cautiously in children. Hypersensitivity Hypersensitivity reactions including anaphylaxis, urticaria and angioedema have been reported with […]