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MEDICAL LIQUID OXYGEN is a brand name for Oxygen. The medicine, its uses, side effects and dosage are the same regardless of brand.
Used for: Medical Liquid Oxygen is vaporised to oxygen gas before administration to a patient Clinical indications are as follows: • Use in clinical practice to provide a basis for most modern anaesthetic techniques including pre and post-operative management • To restore tissue oxygen tension towards normal by improving oxygen…
Verbatim from this product's MHRA label. Tap a section to expand.
Posology Oxygen should be prescribed to achieve a target saturation of 94-98% for most acutely ill patients, or 88-92% for those at risk of hypercapnic respiratory failure. 0 kPa (60 mmHg) or the oxygen saturation of haemoglobin in the arterial blood is not less than 90% by adjusting the fraction of oxygen in inspired gas (FiO2).
If oxygen is administered diluted in another gas the oxygen concentration in the inspired air (FiO2) must be at least 21%. The concentration, flow and duration of the treatment will be determined by the condition that is being treated.
The dosage must be regulated according to the needs of the individual patient. The general recommendation is always to use the lowest possible effective oxygen concentration in the inspired air, that is the lowest dose (FiO2) to achieve the required therapy (PaO2).
Regular monitoring of arterial oxygen tension (PaO2) or arterial oxygen saturation (SpO2) and clinical signs is necessary to evaluate the oxygen therapy. Higher concentrations should be administered for as short a time as possible with close monitoring of blood gas values.
High concentration oxygen therapy, with concentration up to 60% for short term oxygen therapy is safe for conditions like pneumonia, pulmonary thrombo-embolism and fibrosing alveolitis. Low concentration (controlled) oxygen therapy (long term) is used in patients with ventilator failure due to chronic obstructive airways disease and other causes.
The concentration should not exceed 28%; in some patients 24% may be excessive. Oxygen may be administered at concentrations of up to and including 100% although most delivery systems reduce this to a maximum inspired concentration of 60% in adults (80% in children) and concentrations higher than this are unlikely to be achieved.
In practice, 30% is usually used as the lower limit with an allowance for a safety margin and is adapted to the patient on the basis of the clinical course of the illness and generally ranges from 1 to 10 litres of gas per minute. Oxygen at 100% concentration will only be inspired if the oxygen supply exceeds the patient’s peak inspiratory flow rate (around 25 to 35 l/m for a typical adult at rest) or if a reservoir bag and an air tight mask is used (analogous to an anaesthetic circuit).
Conventional oxygen mask flow meters only deliver up to 15 l/m and thus cannot provide patients with 100% inspired oxygen. The peak inspiratory rate flow rate of an infant is more easily matched, so the limiting factors can be more easily overcome: however the above arguments are equally applicable to the paediatric population.
In patients with chronic severe airway disease who rely on hypoxic drive of respiration, the administration of high levels of oxygen will result in further under- ventilation and further accumulation of carbon dioxide and acidosis.
Acute rises and accumulation of serum carbon dioxide in patients with chronic severe airway disease may result in hypercapnia and respiratory acidosis. Patients appear flushed with elevated heart rates, headache and drowsiness, which can progress to confusion and coma.
CNS oxygen toxicity only occurs when the partial pressure of inspired oxygen exceeds 2 atmospheres (203 kPa), as in hyperbaric oxygen therapy. Symptoms of CNS toxicity may include mood changes, nausea, dizziness, twitching, convulsions and loss of consciousness.
Hyperbaric oxygen treatment has been shown in some studies to be linked with hyperbaric oxygen-induced oxidative DNA damage that can lead to gross genetic alterations and chromosome aberrations after hyperbaric oxygen under therapeutic conditions.
It has also been shown that a single hyperbaric oxygen exposure induced adaptive protection against further induction of oxidative DNA damage. Cases must be assessed individually and the therapy protocol may consider a shortened treatment before the standard protocol is applied.
Paediatric Population:
In the premature neonate, exposure to excessive oxygen concentrations may be associated with the following conditions: retrolental fibroplasia, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, sub-ependymal and intraventricular haemorrhage and necrotising enterocolitis.
Reporting of suspected adverse reactions Reporting suspected adverse reactions after authorisation of the medicinal product is important. It allows continued monitoring of the benefit/risk balance of the medicinal product. uk/yellowcard.
Patients with chronic severe obstructive airways disease rely on hypoxic drive for respiration. When such patients are given oxygen therapy it must be administered at a relatively low concentration and must be accurately metered and titrated against arterial concentrations and clinical observation.
Special caution is required in the treatment of neonates, in these cases the lowest effective dose must be used to achieve adequate oxygenation; fluctuations in oxygen saturation should be avoided. This is required to minimise the risk of eye damage, retrolental fibroplasia or other potential adverse effects.
3kPa (100 mmHg). In hyperbaric chambers in the management of conditions such as carbon monoxide poisoning, anaerobic infections and acute ischaemic disease, convulsions may occur at 3 atmospheres after a few hours. Where the patient has been exposed to agents which are toxic to the lungs, such as Paraquat, the use of gases containing more than 21% should be avoided.
Medical Oxygen is non-flammable but strongly supports and accelerates combustion. This means that it makes things burn more easily, more fiercely and with a greater intensity. Do not allow naked flames or other sources of ignition where oxygen is in use.
There are no absolute contraindications to the use of oxygen, but the inspired concentration should be limited in the case of premature neonates and in those patients with chronic severe airways disease (such as COPD and emphysema) Medical Liquid Oxygen, whilst non-flammable supports combustion and should be handled with due care.
Patients should not smoke while on oxygen therapy because of the fire risks.
Not medical advice. Always read the patient information leaflet and follow your prescriber or pharmacist.
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Systems for longer term oxygen therapy rely on a mixture of air and additional oxygen being supplied. Care should be taken to prevent patients from rebreathing expired carbon dioxide. The use of vented face masks and flow rates over 4 litres per minute rarely result in the rebreathing of expired carbon dioxide.
In the treatment of cluster headache, oxygen is administered by a close-fitting facemask at an oxygen flow of about 7 – 10 litres per minute. Oxygen therapy should be initiated as early as possible after the onset of an attack and should last for about 15minutes or until the pain as disappeared/vanished.
Paediatric population The posology is the same in adults and children. Method of administration For inhalation use Medical Liquid Oxygen is administered by vaporising the liquid to a gas at ambient temperatures and delivered for inhalation through the lungs.
Oxygen is administered via inspiratory air. There are a large number of devices intended for use for the administration of oxygen. Oxygen is normally administered via a dedicated medical device (face mask, nasal cannulae etc) with inhaled air and on exhalation the exhaled gas with any excess oxygen leaves the patient and is mixed with the surrounding air (“non-rebreathing” system).
Masks, nasal cannulae, etc. can provide fixed or variable mixtures depending on their design. In anaesthesia, special systems can be used when the exhaled gas is recirculated and can be rebreathed (“rebreathing” system). If a patient cannot breathe independently, artificial breathing support can be provided.
In addition to the administration of oxygen via inhaled air, for example in heart surgery, a metered supply of oxygen can be injected into the bloodstream via an oxygenator of an extracorporeal circulation of a cardio-pulmonary by pass system.
Other systems of administration include face tents, headboxes, cot hoods and supply to a tracheostomy. In severe hypoxia the use of a positive pressure mask may be valuable. This technique should only be supervised by experienced practitioners.
Oxygen levels should be monitored as required in the breath, blood and tissue to ensure that appropriate concentrations are not exceeded.