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LUPAXIS is a brand name for Tapentadol. The medicine, its uses, side effects and dosage are the same regardless of brand.
Used for: LUPAXIS is indicated for the management of: • severe chronic pain in adults, which can be adequately managed only with opioid analgesics. • severe chronic pain in children above 6 years and adolescents, which can be adequately managed only with opioid analgesics.
Verbatim from this product's MHRA label. Tap a section to expand.
Posology The dosing regimen should be individualised according to the severity of pain being treated, the previous treatment experience and the ability to monitor the patient. LUPAXIS should be taken twice daily, approximately every 12 hours.
Tapentadol can be taken with or without food. Initiation of therapy Initiation of therapy in patients currently not taking opioid analgesics Patients should start treatment with single doses of 50 mg LUPAXIS administered twice daily.
Initiation of therapy in patients currently taking opioid analgesics When switching from opioids to LUPAXIS and choosing the initial dose, the nature of the previous medicinal product, administration and the mean daily dose should be taken into account.
This may require higher initial doses of LUPAXIS for patients currently taking opioids compared to those not having taken opioids before initiating therapy with LUPAXIS. Titration and maintenance After initiation of therapy the dose should be titrated individually to a level that provides adequate analgesia and minimises undesirable effects under the close supervision of the prescribing physician.
Experience from clinical trials has shown that a titration regimen in increments of 50 prolonged-release tapentadol twice daily every 3 days was appropriate to achieve adequate pain control in most of the patients. Total daily doses of more than 500 mg prolonged-release tapentadol have not yet been studied and are therefore not recommended.
Special populations Elderly patients (≥65 years) In general, a dose adaptation in elderly patients is not required. 2). 2). 2). 2). LUPAXIS should be used with caution in patients with moderate hepatic impairment. e. LUPAXIS <25 mg><50 mg>, and not be administered more frequently than once every 24 hours.
At initiation of therapy a daily dose greater than 50 mg prolonged- release tapentadol is not recommended. 2). 2). Paediatric population Dose recommendation for children is dependent on age and body weight. 5 mg per kg body weight given every 12 hours.
Nevertheless, a starting dose of 50 mg should not be exceeded. From the available tablet strengths, either 25 mg or 50 mg should be considered as starting doses. Initiation of therapy in patients currently taking opioid analgesics When switching from opioids to LUPAXIS and choosing the initial dose, the nature of the previous medicinal product, administration and the mean daily dose should be taken into account.
The adverse drug reactions that were experienced by patients in the placebo- controlled trials performed with tapentadol prolonged-release were predominantly of mild and moderate severity. The most frequent adverse drug reactions were in the gastrointestinal and central nervous system (nausea, dizziness, constipation, headache and somnolence).
The table below lists adverse drug reactions that were identified from clinical trials performed with tapentadol prolonged-release and from post-marketing environment. They are listed by class and frequency. Frequencies are defined as very common (≥ 1/10); common (≥ 1/100 to < 1/10); uncommon (≥ 1/1,000 to < 1/100); rare (≥ 1/10,000 to < 1/1,000); very rare (< 1/10,000), not known (cannot be estimated from the available data).
ADVERSE DRUG REACTIONS FrequencySystem Organ Class Very common Common Uncommon Rare Not known Immune system disorders Drug hypersensitivity* Metabolism and nutrition disorders Decreased appetite Weight decrease d Psychiatric disorders Anxiety, Depressed mood, Sleep disorder, Nervousness, Restlessness Disorientation, Confusional state, Agitation, Perception disturbances, Abnormal dreams, Euphoric mood Drug dependence, Thinking abnormal Delirium** Nervous system disorders Dizziness, Somnolen ce, Headache Disturbance in attention, Tremor, Muscle contractions involuntary Depressed level of consciousness, Memory impairment, Convulsion, Presyncope, Coordinatio n abnormal Mental impairment, Syncope, Sedation, Balance disorder, Dysarthria, Hypoaesthesia, Paraesthesia Eye disorders Visual disturbance Cardiac disorders Heart rate increased, Heart rate decreased, Palpitations Vascular disorders Flushing Blood pressure decreased Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders Dyspnoea Respiratory depression Gastrointestinal disorders Nausea, Constipation Vomiting, Diarrhoea, Dyspepsia Abdominal discomfort Impaired gastric emptying Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders Pruritus, Hyperhidrosis, Rash Urticaria Renal and urinary disorders Urinary hesitation, Pollakiuria Reproductive system and breast disorders Sexual dysfunction General disorders and administration site conditions Asthenia, Fatigue, Feeling of body temperature change, Mucosal dryness, Oedema Drug withdrawal syndrome, Feeling abnormal, Irritability Feeling drunk, Feeling of relaxation * Post-marketing rare events of angioedema, anaphylaxis and anaphylactic shock have been reported.
Tolerance and Opioid Use Disorder (abuse and dependence) Tolerance, physical and psychological dependence, and opioid use disorder (OUD) may develop upon repeated administration of opioids such as LUPAXIS. A higher dose and longer duration of opioid treatment can increase the risk of developing OUD.
Abuse or intentional misuse of opioids may result in overdose and/or death. g. major depression, anxiety and personality disorders). 2). Before and during treatment the patient should also be informed about the risks and signs of OUD. If these signs occur, patients should be advised to contact their physician.
g. too early requests for refills). This includes the review of concomitant opioids and psycho- active drugs (like benzodiazepines). For patients with signs and symptoms of OUD, consultation with an addiction specialist should be considered.
Risk from concomitant use of sedating medicinal products such as benzodiazepines or related substances Concomitant use of LUPAXIS and sedating medicinal products such as benzodiazepines or related substances may result in sedation, respiratory depression, coma and death.
Because of these risks, concomitant prescribing with these sedating medicinal products should be reserved for patients for whom alternative treatment options are not possible. If a decision is made to prescribe LUPAXIS concomitantly with sedating medicinal products, the reduction of dose of one or both medicinal products should be considered and the duration of the concomitant treatment should be as short as possible.
The patients should be followed closely for signs and symptoms of respiratory depression and sedation. 5). Respiratory depression At high doses or in mu-opioid receptor agonist sensitive patients, LUPAXIS may produce dose-related respiratory depression.
Therefore, LUPAXIS should be administered with caution to patients with impaired respiratory functions. Alternative non-mu-opioid receptor agonist analgesics should be considered and LUPAXIS should be employed only under careful medical supervision at the lowest effective dose in such patients.
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Not medical advice. Always read the patient information leaflet and follow your prescriber or pharmacist.
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This may require higher initial doses of LUPAXIS for patients currently taking opioids compared to those not having taken opioids before initiating therapy with LUPAXIS. Titration and maintenance After initiation of therapy the dose should be titrated individually to a level that provides adequate analgesia and minimizes side effects under the close supervision of the prescribing physician with dose increments of 25 mg for patients less than 40 kg body weight or dose increments of 25 mg or 50 mg for patients >40 kg body weight after a minimum of 2 days since the last dose increase.
5 mg per kg body weight given every 12 hours. 5 mg/kg), as deemed by the prescribing physician. e. 250 mg given every 12 hours should not be exceeded. 0 mg/kg. 8). When a patient no longer requires therapy with tapentadol, it is advisable to taper the dose gradually to prevent symptoms of withdrawal.
2). 2). The safety and efficacy of LUPAXIS in children below 6 years of age has not yet been established. Therefore Tapentadol is not recommended for use in this population. Method of administration LUPAXIS is for oral use. The prolonged-release tablet has to be taken whole, not divided or chewed, to ensure that the prolonged release mechanism is maintained.
LUPAXIS should be taken with sufficient liquid. The shell (matrix) of the tablet may not be digested completely and therefore it can be eliminated and seen in the patient's stool. However, this finding has no clinical relevance, since the active substance of the tablet will have already been absorbed.
Treatment goals and discontinuation Before initiating […]
** Post-marketing cases of delirium were observed in patients with additional risk factors such as cancer and advanced age. Drug dependence Repeated use of LUPAXIS can lead to drug dependence, even at therapeutic doses. 4). Clinical trials performed with tapentadol prolonged-release with patient exposure up to 1 year have shown little evidence of withdrawal symptoms upon abrupt discontinuations and these were generally classified as mild, when they occurred.
2) and treat patients accordingly should they occur. The risk of suicidal ideation and suicides committed is known to be higher in patients suffering from chronic pain. In addition, substances with a pronounced influence on the monoaminergic system have been associated with an increased risk of suicidality in patients suffering from depression, especially at the beginning of treatment.
For tapentadol data from clinical trials and post-marketing reports do not provide evidence for an increased risk. Paediatric population Frequency, type and severity of adverse reactions in children and adolescents treated with LUPAXIS are expected to be the same as in adults treated with LUPAXIS.
No new safety issues have been identified from completed paediatric trial for any of the age subgroups investigated. Limited clinical trial data on withdrawal symptoms in children using PR formulation of tapentadol are available. Reporting of suspected adverse reactions Reporting suspected adverse reactions after authorisation of the medicinal product is important.
It allows continued monitoring of the benefit/risk balance of the medicinal product. uk/yellowcard or search for MHRA Yellow Card in the Google Play or Apple App Store.
9). Post-operative pain Do not use for acute post-operative pain owing to the increased risk of persistent post- operative opioid use (PPOU) and opioid-induced ventilatory impairment (OIVI). Head injury and increased intracranial pressure LUPAXIS should not be used in patients who may be particularly susceptible to the intracranial effects of carbon dioxide retention such as those with evidence of increased intracranial pressure, impaired consciousness, or coma.
Analgesics with mu-opioid receptor agonist activity may obscure the clinical course of patients with head injury. LUPAXIS should be used with caution in patients with head injury and brain tumours. Seizures Prolonged-release tapentadol has not been systematically evaluated in patients with a seizure disorder, and such patients were excluded from clinical trials.
However, LUPAXIS is not recommended in patients with a history of a seizure disorder or any condition that would put the patient at risk of seizures. 5). 2). 5-fold increase in systemic exposure, respectively, compared with subjects with normal hepatic function.
2), especially upon initiation of treatment. 2). Use in pancreatic/Biliary tract disease Active substances with mu-opioid receptor agonist activity may cause spasm of the sphincter of Oddi. LUPAXIS should be used with caution in patients with biliary tract disease, including acute pancreatitis.
Sleep-related breathing disorders Opioids can cause sleep-related breathing disorders including central sleep apnea (CSA) and sleep-related hypoxaemia. Opioid use increases the risk of CSA in a dose- dependent fashion. In patients who present with CSA, consider decreasing the total opioid dose.
Mixed opioid agonists/antagonists Care should be taken when combining LUPAXIS with mixed mu-opioid agonist/antagonists (like pentazocine, nalbuphine) or partial mu-opioid agonists (like buprenorphine). g. temporary buprenorphine discontinuation) should be considered, if administration of full mu-agonists (like tapentadol) becomes necessary in acute pain situations.
On combined use with buprenorphine, higher dose requirements for full mu-receptor agonists have been reported and close monitoring of adverse events such as respiratory depression is required in such circumstances. Drug […]