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LEVETIRACETAM KENT is a brand name for Levetiracetam. The medicine, its uses, side effects and dosage are the same regardless of brand.
Used for: Levetiracetam Kent is indicated as monotherapy in the treatment of partial onset seizures with or without secondary generalisation in adults and adolescents from 16 years of age with newly diagnosed epilepsy. Levetiracetam Kent is indicated as adjunctive therapy • in the treatment of partial onset seizures with or…
Verbatim from this product's MHRA label. Tap a section to expand.
Posology Levetiracetam Kent therapy can be initiated with either intravenous or oral administration. Conversion to or from oral to intravenous administration can be done directly without titration. The total daily dose and frequency of administration should be maintained.
Monotherapy for adults and adolescents from 16 years of age The recommended starting dose is 250 mg twice daily which should be increased to an initial therapeutic dose of 500 mg twice daily after two weeks. The dose can be further increased by 250 mg twice daily every two weeks depending upon the clinical response.
The maximum dose is 1500 mg twice daily. Add-on therapy for Adults (≥ 18 years) and adolescents (12 to 17 years) weighing 50 kg or more. The initial therapeutic dose is 500 mg twice daily. This dose can be started on the first day of treatment.
Depending upon the clinical response and tolerability, the daily dose can be ccrf25086#0016 increased up to 1,500 mg twice daily. Dose changes can be made in 500 mg twice daily increases or decreases every two to four weeks. Duration of treatment There is no experience with administration of intravenous levetiracetam for longer period than 4 days.
g. in adults and adolescents weighing more than 50 kg: 500 mg decreases twice daily every two to four weeks; in children and adolescents weighting less than 50 kg: dose decrease should not exceed 10 mg/kg twice daily every two weeks).
Special populations Elderly (65 years and older) Adjustment of the dose is recommended in elderly patients with compromised renal function (see “Renal impairment” below). Renal impairment The daily dose must be individualised according to renal function.
For adult patients, refer to the following table and adjust the dose as indicated. To use this dosing table, an estimate of the patient's creatinine clearance (CLcr) in ml/min is needed. 73m2) Dose and frequency Normal > 80 500 to 1,500 mg twice daily Mild 50-79 500 to 1,000 mg twice daily Moderate 30-49 250 to 750 mg twice daily Severe < 30 250 to 500 mg twice daily End-stage renal disease patients - 500 to 1,000 mg once daily (2) undergoing dialysis (1) (1) A 750 mg loading dose is recommended on the first day of treatment with levetiracetam.
(2) Following dialysis, a 250 to 500 mg supplemental dose is recommended. For children with renal impairment, levetiracetam dose needs to be adjusted based on the renal function as levetiracetam clearance is related to renal function.
Summary of the safety profile The most frequently reported adverse reactions were nasopharyngitis, somnolence, headache, fatigue and dizziness. The adverse reaction profile presented below is based on the analysis of pooled placebo-controlled clinical trials with all indications studied, with a total of 3,416 patients treated with levetiracetam.
These data are supplemented with the use of levetiracetam in corresponding open-label extension studies, as well as post- marketing experience. The safety profile of levetiracetam is generally similar across age groups (adult and paediatric patients) and across the approved epilepsy indications.
Since there was limited exposure for levetiracetam intravenous use and since oral and intravenous formulations are bioequivalent, the safety information of levetiracetam intravenous will rely on levetiracetam oral use. Tabulated list of adverse reactions Adverse reactions reported in clinical studies (adults, adolescents, children and infants > 1 month) and from post-marketing experience are listed in the following table per System Organ Class and per frequency.
Adverse reactions are presented in the order of decreasing seriousness and their frequency is defined as follows: very common (≥1/10); common (≥1/100 to <1/10); uncommon (≥1/1,000 to <1/100); rare (≥1/10,000 to <1/1,000) and very rare (<1/10,000).
Frequency categoryMedDRA Soc Very Common Common Uncommon Rare Very rare Infections and Infestations Nasopharyngitis Infection Blood and Thrombocytopenia, Pancytopenia lymphatic leukopenia neutropenia, system agranulocytosis disorders Immune system Drug reaction disorders with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) Hypersensitivity (including angioedema and anaphylaxis) Metabolism and nutrition disorders Anorexia Weight increased, weight decreased Hyponatraemia Psychiatric disorders Depression, hostility/ aggression, anxiety, insomnia, nervousness Suicide attempt, suicidal ideation psychotic disorder, abnormal behaviour, hallucination, Completed suicide, personality disorder, thinking abnormal, delirium Obsessive compulsive disorder** /irritability anger, confusional state, panic attack, affect lability/mood swings, agitation Nervous system Somnolence, Convulsion, Amnesia, memory Choreoathetosis, disorders headache balance impairment, dyskinesia, disorder, coordination hyperkinesia, dizziness, abnormal/ataxia, gait disturbance, lethargy, paraesthesia, encephalopathy, tremor disturbance in attention seizures aggravated Eye disorders Diplopia, vision blurred Ear and labyrinth disorders Vertigo Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders Cough Gastrointestinal disorders Abdominal pain, diarrhoea, dyspepsia, vomiting, nausea Pancreatitis Hepatobiliary disorders Liver function test abnormal Hepatic failure, hepatitis Renal and Urinary Disorders Acute Kidney injury Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders Rash Alopecia, eczema, pruritus, Toxic epidermal necrolysis, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, erythema multiforme Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders Muscular weakness, myalgia Rhabdomyolysis and blood creatine phosphokinase increased* General disorders and administration site conditions Asthenia/ fatigue Injury, poisoning and procedural complications Injury Cardiac disorders Electrocardiogram QT prolonged * Prevalence is significantly higher in Japanese patients when compared to non- Japanese patients.
Renal impairment The administration of levetiracetam to patients with renal impairment may require dose adjustment. 2). Acute Kidney injury The use of levetiracetam has been very rarely associated with acute kidney injury, with a time to onset ranging from a few days to several months.
Blood cell counts Rare cases of decreased blood cell counts (neutropenia, agranulocytosis, leucopenia, thrombocytopenia and pancytopenia) have been described in association with levetiracetam administration, generally at the beginning of the treatment.
8) Suicide Suicide, suicide attempt, suicidal ideation and behaviour have been reported in patients treated with anti-epileptic agents (including levetiracetam). A meta- analysis of randomized placebo-controlled trials of anti-epileptic medicinal products has shown a small increased risk of suicidal thoughts and behaviour.
The mechanism of this risk is not known. Therefore, patients should be monitored for signs of depression and/or suicidal ideation and behaviours and appropriate treatment should be considered. Patients (and caregivers of patients) should be advised to seek medical advice should signs of depression and/or suicidal ideation or behaviour emerge.
Abnormal and aggressive behaviours Levetiracetam may cause psychotic symptoms and behavioural abnormalities including irritability and aggressiveness. Patients treated with levetiracetam should be monitored for developing psychiatric signs suggesting important mood and/or personality changes.
If such behaviours are noticed, treatment adaptation or gradual discontinuation should be considered. 2. Worsening of seizures As with other types of antiepileptic drugs, levetiracetam may rarely exacerbate seizure frequency or severity.
This paradoxical effect was mostly reported within the first month after levetiracetam initiation or increase of the dose, and was reversible upon drug discontinuation or dose decrease. Patients should be advised to consult their physician immediately in case of aggravation of epilepsy.
1.
Not medical advice. Always read the patient information leaflet and follow your prescriber or pharmacist.
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This recommendation is based on a study in adult renally impaired patients. 15 ml/kg) loading dose is recommended on the first day of treatment with levetiracetam. 1 ml/kg) supplemental dose is recommended. Hepatic impairment No dose adjustment is needed in patients with mild to moderate hepatic impairment.
In patients with severe hepatic impairment, the creatinine clearance may underestimate the renal insufficiency. 73m2. Paediatric population The physician should prescribe the most appropriate pharmaceutical form, presentation and strength according to age, weight and dose.
Monotherapy The safety and efficacy of levetiracetam in children and adolescents below 16 years as monotherapy treatment have not been established. No data are available. Add-on therapy for children aged 4 to 11 years and adolescents (12 to 17 years) weighing less than 50 kg The initial therapeutic dose is 10 mg/kg twice daily.
Depending upon the clinical response and tolerability, the dose can be increased up to 30 mg/kg twice daily. Dose changes should not exceed increases or decreases of 10 mg/kg twice daily every two weeks. The lowest effective dose should be used.
Dose in children 50 kg or greater is the same as in adults. Dose recommendations for children and adolescents: (1) Children 25 kg or less should preferably start the treatment with levetiracetam 100 mg/ml oral solution. (2) Dose in children and adolescents 50 kg or more is the same as in adults.
Add-on therapy for infants and children less than 4 years. The safety and efficacy of levetiracetam concentrate for solution for infusion in infants and children less than 4 years have not been established. Weight Starting dose: 10 mg/kg twice daily Maximum dose: […]
Evidence also suggests a possible predisposition of the Japanese population to neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS). **Very rare cases of development of obsessive-compulsive disorders (OCD) in patients with underlying history of OCD or psychiatric disorders have been observed in post-marketing surveillance Description of selected adverse reactions Multiorgan hypersensitivity reactions Multiorgan hypersensitivity reactions (also known as Drug Reaction with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms, DRESS) have been reported rarely in patients treated with levetiracetam.
Clinical manifestations may develop 2 to 8 weeks after starting treatment. These reactions are variable in expression, but typically present with fever, rash, facial oedema, lymphadenopathies, haematologic abnormalities and can be associated with involvement of different organ systems, mostly the liver.
If multiorgan hypersensitivity reaction is suspected, levetiracetam should be discontinued. The risk of anorexia is higher when levetiracetam is co- administered with topiramate. In several cases of alopecia, recovery was observed when levetiracetam was discontinued.
Bone marrow suppression was identified in some of the cases of pancytopenia. Cases of encephalopathy generally occurred at the beginning of the treatment (few days to a few months) and were reversible after treatment discontinuation.
Paediatric population In patients aged 1 month to less than 4 years, a total of 190 patients have been treated with levetiracetam in placebo-controlled and open label extension studies. Sixty of these patients were treated with levetiracetam in placebo-controlled studies.
In patients aged 4-16 years, a total of 645 patients have been treated with levetiracetam in placebo-controlled and open label extension studies. 233 of these patients were treated with levetiracetam in placebo-controlled studies. In both these paediatric age ranges, these data are supplemented with the post- marketing experience of the use of levetiracetam.
In addition, 101 infants aged less than 12 months have been exposed in a post authorization safety study. No new safety concerns for levetiracetam were identified for infants less than 12 months of age with epilepsy. The adverse reaction profile of levetiracetam is generally similar across age groups and across the approved epilepsy indications.
Safety results in paediatric patients in placebo-controlled clinical studies were consistent with the safety profile of levetiracetam in adults except for behavioural and psychiatric adverse reactions which were more common in children […]
Lack of efficacy or seizure worsening has been reported in patients with epilepsy associated with sodium voltage-gated channel alpha subunit 8 (SCN8A) mutations. Electrocardiogram QT interval prolongation Rare cases of ECG QT interval prolongation have been observed during the post- marketing surveillance.
Levetiracetam should be used with caution in patients with QTc-interval prolongation, in patients concomitantly treated with drugs affecting the QTc-interval, or in patients with relevant pre-existing cardiac disease or electrolyte disturbances.
Paediatric population Available data in children did not suggest impact on growth and puberty. 94mg sodium per vial, equivalent to 1% of the WHO recommended maximum daily intake of 2g sodium for an adult. To be taken into consideration by patients on a controlled sodium diet.