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ESMOLOL is a brand name for Esmolol. The medicine, its uses, side effects and dosage are the same regardless of brand.
Used for: Supraventricular tachycardia (except for pre-excitation syndromes) or non- compensatory sinus tachycardia Esmolol is indicated for the rapid control of ventricular rate in patients with atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter in perioperative, postoperative, or other circumstances where short-term control of the…
Verbatim from this product's MHRA label. Tap a section to expand.
Esmolol is a ready-to-use 10 mg/ml solution recommended for intravenous administration. This dosage form is used to administer the appropriate Esmolol loading dose or bolus dose by hand held syringe. Supraventricular tachyarrhythmia (except for pre-excitation syndromes) or non- compensatory sinus tachycardia The Esmolol dosage in supraventricular tachyarrhythmias should be individually titrated as indicated in the below flow chart.
Flow Chart for Initiation and Maintenance of Treatment Loading dosage infusion of 500 micrograms /kg/minute for 1 minute THEN a maintenance infusion of 50 micrograms/kg/minute for 4 minutes Response Maintain the infusion at 50 micrograms/kg/minute Inadequate response within 5 minutes Repeat the dose of 500 micrograms/kg/minute for 1 minute Increase the maintenance infusion to 100 micrograms/kg/minute for 4 minutes Response Maintain the infusion at 100 micrograms/kg/minute Inadequate response within 5 minutes Repeat the dose of 500 micrograms/kg/minute for 1 minute Increase the maintenance infusion to 150 micrograms/kg/minute for 4 minutes Response Maintain the infusion at 150 micrograms/kg/minute Inadequate response Repeat the dose of 500 micrograms/kg/minute for 1 minute Increase the maintenance infusion to 200 micrograms/kg/min and maintain Loading dose Loading dose adjustment may be necessary depending on the haemodynamic response (heart rate, blood pressure).
Maintenance dose For a continuous and progressive dosage an effective maintenance dose is between 50 to 200 micrograms/kg/minute. 25 micrograms/kg/minute doses may be used. Maintenance dose adjustment may be necessary depending on the desired haemodynamic response.
Administration of doses greater than 200 mcg/kg/min provides little added heart rate- lowering effect, and the rate of adverse reactions increases. Loading dose and maintenance doses of Esmolol to administer for different patient weights are outlined in Table 1 and Table 2 respectively.
5 ml/hr 33 ml/hr 66 ml/hr 99 ml/hr 132 ml/hr 198 ml/hr 120 9 ml/hr 18 ml/hr 36 ml/hr 72 ml/hr 108 ml/hr 144 ml/hr 216 ml/hr 1 ml of Esmolol is equivalent to 10 mg of esmolol. , lowered blood pressure) is approached, OMIT the loading dose and reduce the incremental dose in the maintenance infusion from 50 micrograms/kg/minute to 25 micrograms/kg/minute or lower.
If necessary, the interval between the titration steps may be increased from 5 to 10 minutes. Perioperative tachycardia and hypertension For perioperative tachycardia and hypertension the dosing regimen may vary as follows: For intraoperative treatment - during anaesthesia when immediate control is required: • A bolus injection of 80 mg is given over 15 to 30 seconds followed by a 150 micrograms/kg/minute infusion.
In case of undesirable effects, the dose of Esmolol can be reduced or discontinued. Most of the undesirable effects observed have been mild and transient. The most important one has been hypotension. The following undesirable effects are ranked according to MedDRA System Organ Class (SOC) and to their frequency.
The frequency of occurrence of adverse events is classified as follows:
Very common (≥ 1/10) Common (≥ 1/100 to < 1/10) Uncommon (≥ 1/1000 to < 1/100) Very rare (<1/10000) Not known (Cannot be estimated from the available data) Frequency System Organ Class Very common Common Uncommon Very rare Not known Metabolism and nutrition disorders Anorexia Hyperkalaemia Metabolic acidosis Psychiatric disorders Depression Anxiety Thinking abnormal Nervous system disorders Dizziness 1 Somnolence Headache Paraesthesia Disturbance in attention Confusional state Agitation Syncope Convulsion Speech disorder Eye disorders Visual impairment Cardiac disorders Bradycardia Atrioventricular block Pulmonary arterial pressure increased Cardiac Failure Ventricular extra systoles Nodal rhythm Angina pectoris Sinus arrest Asystole Accelerated idioventricular rhythm Coronary arteriospasm Cardiac arrest Vascular disorders Hypotension Peripheral ischaemia Pallor Flushing Thrombophlebitis 2 Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders Dyspnoea Pulmonary oedema Bronchospasm Wheezing Nasal congestion Rhonchi Rales Gastrointestinal disorders Nausea Vomiting Dysgeusia Dyspepsia Constipation Dry mouth Abdominal pain Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders Diaphoresis 1 Skin discolouration 2 Erythema 2 Skin necrosis 2 (due to extravasation) Psoriasis 3 Angioedema Urticaria Musculoskeletal Musculoskeletal Frequency System Organ Class Very common Common Uncommon Very rare Not known and connective tissue disorders pain 4 Renal and urinary disorders Urinary retention General disorders and administration site conditions Asthenia Fatigue Injection site reaction Infusion site reaction Infusion site inflammation Infusion site induration Chills Pyrexia Oedema 2 Pain 2 Infusion site burning Infusion site ecchymosis Infusion site phlebitis Infusion site vesicles Blistering 2 1 Dizziness and diaphoresis are in association with symptomatic hypotension.
Warnings It is recommended to continuously monitor the blood pressure and the ECG in all patients treated with Esmolol. The use of Esmolol for control of ventricular response in patients with supraventricular arrhythmias should be undertaken with caution when the patient is compromised haemodynamically or is taking other drugs that decrease any or all of the following: peripheral resistance, myocardial filling, myocardial contractility, or electrical impulse propagation in the myocardium.
Despite the rapid onset and offset of the effects of Esmolol, severe reactions may occur, including loss of consciousness, cardiogenic shock, cardiac arrest. Several deaths have been reported in complex clinical states where Esmolol was presumably being used to control ventricular rate.
The most frequently observed side effect is hypotension, which is dose related but can occur at any dose. This can be severe. In the event of a hypotensive episode the infusion rate should be lowered or, if necessary, be discontinued.
Hypotension is usually reversible (within 30 minutes after discontinuation of administration of Esmolol). In some cases, additional interventions may be necessary to restore blood pressure. In patients with a low systolic blood pressure, extra caution is needed when adjusting the dosage and during the maintenance infusion.
Bradycardia, including severe bradycardia, and cardiac arrest has occurred with the use of Esmolol. Esmolol should be used with special caution in patients with low pre- treatment heart rates and only when the potential benefits are considered to outweigh the risk.
3). If the pulse rate decreases to less than 50-55 beats per minute at rest and the patient experiences symptoms related to bradycardia, the dosage should be reduced or administration stopped. Sympathetic stimulation is necessary in supporting circulatory function in congestive heart failure.
1 • Severe sinus bradycardia (less than 50 beats per minute); • Sick sinus syndrome; severe AV-nodal conductance disorders (without pacemaker); 2nd or 3rd degree AV-block; • Cardiogenic shock; • Severe hypotension; • Decompensated heart failure; • Concomitant or recent intravenous administration of verapamil.
5); • Non-treated phaeochromocytoma; • Pulmonary hypertension; • Acute asthmatic attack; • Metabolic acidosis.
Not medical advice. Always read the patient information leaflet and follow your prescriber or pharmacist.
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Titrate the infusion rate as required up to 300 micrograms/kg/minute. The volume of infusion required for different patient weights is provided in Table 2. Upon awakening from anaesthesia • An infusion of 500 micrograms/kg/minute is given for 4 minutes followed by a 300 micrograms/kg/minute infusion.
The volume of infusion required for different patient weights is provided in Table 2. For post-operative situations when time for titration is available • A loading dose of 500 micrograms/kg/minute is given over 1 minute before each titration step to produce a rapid onset of action.
Use titration steps of 50, 100, 150, 200, 250 and 300 micrograms/kg/minute given over 4 minutes and stopping at the desired therapeutic effect. The volume of infusion required for different patient weights is provided in Table 2. Recommended maximum dose: • For adequate control of blood pressure, higher dosages (250-300 mcg/kg/min) may be required.
The safety of dosages above 300 mcg/kg/min has not been adequately studied.
Potential effects to be aware of during dosing with Esmolol:
In the event of an adverse reaction, the dosage of Esmolol may be reduced or discontinued. Pharmacological adverse reactions should resolve within 30 minutes. If a local infusion site reaction develops, an alternative infusion site should be used and caution should be taken to prevent extravasation.
The administration of Esmolol for longer than 24 hours has not been thoroughly evaluated. Infusion durations greater than 24 hours should only be used with caution. It is advised to terminate the infusion gradually because of the risk of rebound tachycardia and rebound hypertension.
As with all beta-blockers, because withdrawal effects cannot be excluded, caution should be used in abruptly discontinuing Esmolol administration in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients. Replacing Esmolol therapy by alternative drugs After patients achieve an adequate control of the heart rate and a stable clinical status, transition to alternative drugs (such as antiarrhythmics or calcium antagonists) may be accomplished.
Reducing the dosage:
When Esmolol is to be replaced by alternative drugs, the physician should […]
2 In association with Injection and Infusion site reactions. 3 Beta-blockers as a drug class can cause psoriasis in some situations, or worsen it. 4 Including midscapular pain and costochondritis. Reporting of suspected adverse reactions Reporting suspected adverse reactions after authorisation of the medicinal product is important.
It allows continued monitoring of the benefit/risk balance of the medicinal product. uk/yellowcard , or search for MHRA Yellow Card in the Google Play or Apple App Store.
Beta-blockade carries the potential hazard of further depressing myocardial contractility and precipitating more severe failure. Continued depression of the myocardium with beta-blocking agents over a period of time can, in some cases, lead to cardiac failure.
Caution should be exercised when using Esmolol in patients with compromised cardiac function. At the first sign or symptom of impending cardiac failure, Esmolol should be withdrawn. 9). 3). 3). 3). Caution is required when Esmolol is used to treat hypertension following induced hypothermia.
Patients with bronchospastic disease should, in general, not receive betablockers. Because of its relative beta-1 selectivity and titratability, Esmolol should be used with caution in patients with bronchospastic diseases. However, since beta-1 selectivity is not absolute, Esmolol should be carefully titrated to obtain the lowest possible effective dose.
In the event of bronchospasm, the infusion should be terminated immediately and a beta-2-agonist should be administered if necessary. If the patient already uses a beta-2-receptor stimulating agent, it may be necessary to re-evaluate the dose of this agent.
Esmolol should be used with caution in patients with a history of wheezing or asthma. Precautions Esmolol should be used with caution in diabetics or in case of suspected or actual hypoglycaemia. Beta-blockers may mask the prodromal symptoms of a hypoglycaemia such as tachycardia.
However, dizziness and sweating may not be affected. 5). Infusion site reactions have occurred with the use of both Esmolol 10 mg/ml and 20 mg/ml. 8). Infusions into small veins or through a butterfly catheter should be avoided. If a local infusion site reaction develops, an alternative infusion site should be used.
Beta-blockers may increase the number and the duration of anginal attacks in patients with Prinzemetal’s angina due to unopposed alpha-receptor mediated coronary artery vasoconstriction. Non-selective beta-blockers should not be used for these patients and beta-1 selective blockers should only be used with the utmost care.
In hypovolemic patients, Esmolol can attenuate reflex tachycardia and increase the risk of circulatory collapse. Therefore, Esmolol should be used with caution in such patients. In patients with peripheral circulatory disorders (Raynaud’s disease or syndrome, intermittent claudication), beta-blockers should be used with great caution as aggravation of these disorders may occur.
Some beta-blockers, especially those administered intravenously, including Esmolol, have been associated with increases in serum potassium levels and hyperkalemia. The risk is increased in patients with risk factors such as renal impairment and those on haemodialysis.
Beta-blockers may increase both the sensitivity toward allergens and the seriousness of anaphylactic reactions. 5). Beta-blockers have been associated with the […]